Welcome to 2039 Fairlawn Circle in Cayce! This 3-bedroom, 2-bath ranch offers two living areas, hardwood floors throughout the main living areas, and plenty of space to spread out. The front living room is a welcoming place to gather, while the second living area features a fireplace with gas logs. The eat-in kitchen has painted cabinets, and a separate dining area provides additional room for meals with family and friends. The owner's suite includes his and her closets and a private bath, and the hall bathroom features tile.The home also offers several accessibility features, including widened doorways, an accessible bathroom, and a ramp in the attached garage. The ramp can be removed if the buyer prefers. The washer and dryer are located in the garage, with hookups for either a gas or electric dryer.If you've been looking for workshop space, don't miss the 30 x 24 shop! With workbenches already in place, there's room for projects, hobbies, tools, and storage. There's also a roughed-in bathroom ready for the buyer to finish.Outside, enjoy the covered front porch or spend time in the beautifully landscaped, fenced yard. The large patio offers plenty of space for grilling, entertaining, or simply relaxing at the end of the day.Major updates include the roof replaced in 2020, HVAC replaced in 2022, and ductwork replaced in 2024. The home also features gas heat and a moisture barrier in the crawl space. Convenient to I-26 for a straight shot to Charleston, with easy access to downtown Columbia and the Lexington area, you're also approximately 20 minutes from beautiful Lake Murray!
Welcome to 191 Rossmore Drive in Cayce, SC!Space, comfort, and opportunity await in this 4-bedroom, 2.5-bath home located in the popular Concord Park community! Offering approximately 2,538 square feet, this home features beautiful hardwood floors throughout the main living area, high ceilings, and a spacious great room complete with a cozy fireplace.The kitchen is designed for everyday living and entertaining, featuring granite countertops, stained cabinetry, a breakfast bar, and a large pantry. The generous primary suite offers tray ceilings, a walk-in closet, double vanities, a garden tub, and a separate shower.Step outside to enjoy the covered patio—perfect for grilling, relaxing, or gathering with family and friends. A sprinkler system and attached garage add to the home's convenience.Conveniently located in Cayce with easy access to downtown Columbia and major interstates, this home offers an excellent opportunity to make a space your own.Call me, Eboné Highsmith and schedule your private showing today and discover the possibilities at 191 Rossmore Drive! (803)587-1408 Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Welcome to this charming brick ranch offering comfort, updates, and convenience! This well-maintained home features aninviting open floor plan filled with natural sunlight. Fresh paint and refinished hardwood floors add a clean, updated feel,while new carpet in the guest bedrooms provides added comfort. The backyard includes a powered storage building,perfect for a workshop, hobby space, or additional storage. Conveniently located near shopping, dining, major roadways,and everyday amenities, this home is ready for its next owner! Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
This beautifully renovated 3-bedroom, 2-bathroom home has been updated top to bottom, with a completely updated kitchen, a new roof, updated electrical and HVAC, fresh paint, and new flooring throughout, plus tiled bathrooms with new vanities, toilets, and shower. New doors throughout and a newly poured driveway round out the package. Move-in ready — nothing left to do but unpack. Agent Owned. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Opportunity awaits in Cayce! Whether you're a first-time homebuyer ready to make a home your own, someone looking for a project, or an investor searching for your next rental property, this home is full of possibilities! Located in a well-established neighborhood just a short drive from downtown Columbia, this 2-bedroom, 1-bathroom home offers 1,066 square feet of living space and plenty of potential to add your personal touch. Inside, you'll find carpet throughout the living area and bedrooms, with opportunities to update and customize to your liking. Outside, enjoy a fenced backyard and detached garage offering additional storage or workspace. With a convenient location and room to make improvements, this property is ready for its next chapter. Bring your vision and come see the possibilities for yourself!Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Great opportunity in the heart of The Avenues of Cayce! Perfect for investors or buyers looking for a home with plenty of potential in an amazing location! This brick, 3-bedroom, 1-bath home features original hardwood floors and a convenient location close to USC, downtown Columbia, shopping, dining, and more. Bring your vision and make this property your own. Whether you're looking to renovate, add value, or build your investment portfolio, this property offers plenty of possibilities. Being sold As-Is. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Courtesy: Better Homes And Gardens Real Estate Palmetto
843-584-8326
Welcome to 900 Naples Avenue, where classic Cayce charm meets space, versatility, and convenience! This 3-4 bedroom, 1.5-bath brick home offers over 2,100 sq. ft. on a spacious corner lot with NO HOA. Inside, you'll find generous living areas, a formal dining room, breakfast nook, and a Flex space or fourth bedroom. Outside, enjoy a fenced backyard, storage shed, and impressive 24x40 powered workshop--perfect for hobbies, projects, or extra storage. Conveniently located near downtown Columbia, USC, shopping, dining, and major roadways. So much space, potential, and flexibility--all in one property!
Looking for a 3-bedroom, 2-bath home in desirable Moss Creek that feels different the moment you walk in? This is that home. It was not built on a production schedule. It was handcrafted by the seller's father, a highly skilled and respected builder, out of his love for his son. That intention shows up in the bones of the house, and it is the reason buyers who tour it tend to stay longer than they planned.Start with the structure. This is an all-brick home with a spacious floor plan, high ceilings, wide hallways, and oversized rooms that give everyday living real breathing room. The kitchen is oversized, with glass-front cabinet doors that add both storage and character. More than 80 sheets of oak run through the home. Extra insulation, extra molding, and careful finish work were built in from the start, not added as an afterthought. Even the deck sits on a brick foundation. These are the details you notice when you open a door, walk a hallway, or stand in the kitchen, and they are the details a listing photo cannot fully capture.The seller has protected that original craftsmanship with thoughtful updates. The primary bath has been enlarged into an oversized retreat. Andersen windows have been installed. The entire home has been re-plumbed. A new tankless water heater, crawlspace encapsulation with a dehumidifier, and a Bryant HVAC system under a service agreement with Krantz HVAC keep the mechanicals current and cared for. The roof was replaced in 2000. Put together, the result is a home that has been maintained with the same pride it was built with.What you get is a solid, immaculate 3-bedroom, 2-bath brick home with room to live, quality you can see, and a story you can feel. Wide hallways make the floor plan easy to move through. High ceilings and oversized rooms keep the house from feeling tight. The oak, the molding, the brick, and the glass-front cabinets are the kind of finishes buyers usually have to hunt for. If you have been waiting for a house that was built right and kept right, this is the one to walk through. Photos will not do the craftsmanship justice. Come see the brick, the oak, and the space in person. Schedule your private tour today. Discla
If you're looking for a home central to the interstate, downtown Cayce, and just a 15 minute drive from Downtown Columbia, this great home is for you. This classic brick ranch style with solid brick all around and pillars is a blank slate waiting to be decorated. This home is easy to maintain, recently updated, and has fresh touchups throughout. With neutral tones throughout, it will be so easy to create your dream home in this space. Hot water heater and roof replaced 2018. This home DOES have original hardwood underneath the carpet!! Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
This well built brick home sits on a quiet street near main arteries that lead to shopping, dining and medical facilities. There are interstates nearby that allow easy access to travel. Inside the home is a dining room with hardwood flooring and carpet. There is a eat in kitchen with plenty of cabinets, dishwasher and counter space. There is finished bonus room and a mud room for the laundry. The master bedroom has hardwood flooring and carpet as well as his and hers closets. The two other bedrooms also have hardwood and carpet. Outside is a separate garage and fully fenced in yard. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Beautiful, efficient, and affordable. Come check out this 3 bedroom / 2 bath home on a nearly quarter acre lot close to State Street entertainment, the Riverwalk, the Vista, downtown Columbia, USC, the State House, etc. with easy access to I-26 and I-77. Features include a large front yard; ample parking; wide front porch; laminate hardwoods throughout the main living areas; open floor plan; large living room; kitchen w/bar, huge pantry, stainless steel appliances, and open flow to dining area; great mudroom w/extra storage off kitchen and side entry; generous master bedroom w/private bathroom, double vanity, garden tub, and separate shower; 2nd and 3rd bedroom sharing a second full bathroom w/tub shower combo; and large, flat partially fenced backyard. Updates include recent painting and a very recently replaced HVAC unit (2024). Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Courtesy: Flowertown Realty, LLC
843-270-6651
This home has been thoughtfully updated and it's move-in ready with no HOA.The kitchen has granite counters and white cabinetry with glass-front doors. The living room runs hardwood floors and has built-in shelving with an entertainment unit already in place. The primary bedroom is oversized, with extra closet storage and a built-in desk, useful space that's hard to find in a home this size. Flooring through the rest of the house mixes hardwood, tile in the kitchen, and painted concrete in the laundry room, which also has a pantry closet for storage.The systems are done. New HVAC, a roof that's roughly 10 years old, and fresh paint throughout, three of the big-ticket items a buyer usually worries already handled.Outside, the backyard is fully fenced with a deck. Great Location!
Welcome to 1740 Sunnyside located on a large corner lot in Cayce. This beautifully painted white brick home has been completely renovated with new plumbing, new wiring, new ductwork, new attic insulation, new gutters, wood columns, large patio, new roof, and new windows all on the exterior. Come inside to the newly finished hardwood floors and neutral toned paint to create an inviting feel. The kitchen has been upfitting with new cabinets, quartz counters, and new appliances. The additional living room is extra large for plenty of gathers. The master bedroom has it's own private entrance from the exterior of the home. This amazing home in Cayce is ready for its new owner! Schedule your private showing today! Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Investor opportunity in Cayce! This tenant-occupied 2-bedroom, 1-bath home offers immediate rental income, making it an excellent opportunity for investors looking to add to their portfolio. The home features hardwood floors, a functional kitchen, and plenty of character throughout. Conveniently located with easy access to shopping, dining, downtown Columbia, and major roadways including I-26. A great opportunity to own an income-producing property in an established Cayce neighborhood.
Welcome to this charming one-story brick ranch nestled in the highly desirable Avenues! Full of character and warmth, this 3-bedroom, 2-bath home offers the timeless appeal of true hardwood floors, a comfortable and functional floor plan, and an unbeatable location just minutes from downtown Columbia, shopping, dining, parks and more. Inside, you'll find a spacious family room, formal dining room, eat-in kitchen and a versatile space perfect for a home office, playroom, exercise room or hobby space. While the home retains much of its original charm, it has been lovingly maintained and offers a wonderful opportunity for its next owner to add their own personal touches over time. One of the highlights is the huge covered back porch—an inviting space for morning coffee, weekend cookouts or relaxing at the end of the day. The porch also provides access to a utility room and workshop. Beyond it, the large, fully fenced backyard offers plenty of room for pets, gardening, entertaining or play. Complete with a carport and additional parking, this classic brick ranch combines character, space and location—making it a wonderful opportunity to create something truly special in one of the area's most convenient and established neighborhoods. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
One story living with no HOA on 3/4 of an acre! This all brick ranch on 0.75 acres comes with a huge workshop out back and carport!! Come enjoy the country feel with modern finishes like a fully updated kitchen! This home boasts a large primary suite with separate entrance and kitchenette which could be used as a mother-in-law suit. With solid surface floors throughout including hardwood floors there are no carpets to stain or wear out. The generous Family Room has a big fireplace with wood-stove insert, built-ins, painted paneling, and hardwood floors. Your new spacious eat-in kitchen is full of light with gray cabinets and newer countertops. Many updates including fresh paint throughout, updated oversized laundry room, light fixtures, door hardware, bath vanities and more! 31' x 22' workshop with roll up door could be used for vehicle storage. Additional covered space for exterior storage. Convenient to I-26 and I-77, close to downtown and airport. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
The Dogwood is the kind of home that feels welcoming from the moment you step onto the front porch. With 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, and 1,158 square feet, it is a comfortable layout that's easy to live in and makes every bit of space count.Step inside and you'll find an open great room that flows right into the dining area and kitchen, creating a cozy space for everything from weeknight dinners to Sunday gatherings. The kitchen has plenty of counter space and an easy connection to the dining area, so cooking, visiting, and spending time together all feel natural.The primary bedroom is tucked away toward the back of the home, giving you a peaceful place to unwind. It includes a private bathroom and a roomy walk-in closet. Two additional bedrooms and a second full bathroom gives plenty of space for family, overnight guests, or a home office.A conveniently located laundry room helps keep everyday life running smoothly, while the covered back porch is just right for morning coffee, grilling with friends, or relaxing at the end of the day.Simple, comfortable, and full of charm, the Dogwood is a home that's made for everyday living and making memories. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Single-level living at Hattie's Crossing is now $349,900 with new fall pricing! Move-in ready and the final Congaree Plan available, this thoughtfully designed home combines the ease of one-story living with quality finishes throughout. With approximately 1,452 square feet, this well-designed home features an open layout where the kitchen with granite countertops flows seamlessly into the dining area and living room, creating a comfortable space for both everyday living and entertaining. The private primary suite includes dual vanities, a spacious walk-in closet, and a well-appointed bath, while two additional bedrooms and a full bath provide flexibility for guests, a home office, or hobbies. A welcoming covered front porch adds to the home's curb appeal, while the spacious rear wood deck creates an ideal setting for grilling, outdoor dining, or simply relaxing. Built with durable fiber-cement siding and designed for low-maintenance living, the Congaree combines lasting quality with timeless appeal. Located in Hattie's Crossing, on the historic site of the former Cayce Grammar School, you'll enjoy a walkable setting just minutes from the Cayce-West Columbia Riverwalk, Steel Hands Brewing, Café Strudel, Piecewise Coffee, Savage Craft Aleworks, Hotworx, and downtown Columbia. As the final Congaree Plan available and one of the limited remaining homes in this boutique 12-home community, this is a rare opportunity to enjoy new construction in one of Cayce's most desirable locations. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Now $349,900 with new fall pricing at Hattie's Crossing! The move-in ready Broad River Plan centers around a bright, open main living space where the kitchen, dining area, and living room come together naturally. With approximately 1,507 square feet, the spacious kitchen features granite countertops overlooking the main living area, creating a layout that's equally suited for entertaining and everyday living. The main-level primary suite provides everyday convenience with dual vanities, a spacious walk-in closet, and a well-appointed private bath. Upstairs, two additional bedrooms and a full bath create flexible space for family, guests, or a home office. Built with durable fiber-cement siding and quality finishes throughout, the Broad River combines low-maintenance living with timeless style. Located in Hattie's Crossing, on the historic site of the former Cayce Grammar School, you'll enjoy a walkable setting just minutes from the Cayce-West Columbia Riverwalk, Steel Hands Brewing, Café Strudel, Piecewise Coffee, Savage Craft Aleworks, Hotworx, and downtown Columbia. As one of the limited remaining homes in this boutique 12-home community, the Broad River provides a rare opportunity to enjoy new construction in one of Cayce's most desirable locations. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Fresh fall pricing brings the Saluda Plan at Hattie's Crossing to $349,900! Move-in ready and thoughtfully designed, the Saluda blends open living with timeless design, creating a home that feels both welcoming and functional. With approximately 1,527 square feet, the main level features an open kitchen with granite countertops overlooking the dining area and living room, while subtle architectural details create a sense of definition without sacrificing flow. The main-level primary suite provides everyday convenience with dual vanities, a spacious walk-in closet, and a well-appointed private bath. Upstairs, two additional bedrooms and a full bath create flexible space for family, guests, or a home office. A covered porch extends the living space, creating the perfect setting for grilling, relaxing, or enjoying time with friends and neighbors. Built with durable fiber-cement siding and quality finishes throughout, the Saluda combines low-maintenance living with lasting style. Located in Hattie's Crossing, on the historic site of the former Cayce Grammar School, you'll enjoy a walkable setting just minutes from the Cayce-West Columbia Riverwalk, Steel Hands Brewing, Café Strudel, Piecewise Coffee, Savage Craft Aleworks, Hotworx, and downtown Columbia. As one of the limited remaining homes in this boutique 12-home community, the Saluda provides a rare opportunity to enjoy new construction in one of Cayce's most desirable locations. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
New fall pricing brings the move-in ready Taylor Plan at Hattie's Crossing to $349,900. Thoughtfully designed to make exceptional use of every square foot, the Taylor features a smart, functional layout that lives larger than its footprint. With approximately 1,416 square feet, the open main level features a kitchen with granite countertops overlooking the living and dining areas, creating a comfortable space for everyday living and entertaining. The main-level primary suite provides convenience with dual vanities, a spacious walk-in closet, and a well-appointed private bath. Upstairs, two additional bedrooms and a full bath create flexible space for family, guests, or a home office. A private side patio extends the living space outdoors, creating the perfect spot for grilling, morning coffee, or relaxing with friends. Built with durable fiber-cement siding and quality finishes throughout, the Taylor combines low-maintenance living with timeless style. Located in Hattie's Crossing, on the historic site of the former Cayce Grammar School, you'll enjoy a walkable setting just minutes from the Cayce-West Columbia Riverwalk, Steel Hands Brewing, Café Strudel, Piecewise Coffee, Savage Craft Aleworks, Hotworx, and downtown Columbia. As one of the limited remaining homes in this boutique 12-home community, the Taylor provides a rare opportunity to enjoy new construction in one of Cayce's most desirable locations. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
PRICE IMPROVEMENT! If you've been searching for a home that blends timeless character with thoughtful updates, this charming 1949 Cayce home is ready to capture your heart! Step inside and enjoy the warmth and personality of an older home paired with modern updates designed for comfortable everyday living. Spacious bedrooms provide room to relax and spread out, while the inviting, functional layout makes the home equally well-suited for everyday life and entertaining. Outside, the large lot offers plenty of space to enjoy, garden, play, or simply unwind. The fully fenced backyard is a wonderful retreat for pets, children, gatherings, or outdoor hobbies, and two storage buildings provide exceptional flexibility for tools, projects, hobbies, or additional storage. Ideally located near shopping, dining, and the energy of downtown Columbia, this home offers character, convenience, and space in one inviting package. Come see why this Cayce gem could be the one you've been waiting for! Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Welcome to 139 Bonhill Drive, a beautifully maintained Craftsman-style home in the sought-after Concord Park community of Cayce. Built in 2015, this spacious 3-bedroom, 2.5-bath residence offers nearly 2,500 square feet of thoughtfully designed living space, combining modern comfort, flexibility, and convenience.The open-concept floor plan is ideal for both everyday living and entertaining, featuring hardwood flooring, abundant natural light, a welcoming living area, and a formal dining room. The kitchen is designed for functionality and gathering, with granite countertops, ample cabinetry, a pantry, and generous workspace.A standout feature of the home is the dedicated office with custom built-in shelving, providing an ideal space for remote work, study, or creative pursuits. Upstairs, the spacious primary suite serves as a private retreat, complete with dual walk-in closets and a well-appointed bath featuring a separate soaking tub, shower, private water closet, and bidet.Step outside to enjoy the fully fenced backyard, offering ample room for outdoor entertaining, gardening, pets, or play. Additional upgrades and features include a tankless water heater, security camera system, transferable termite bond, and a one-year home warranty for added peace of mind.For added value and convenience, the refrigerator, washer, and dryer will convey with the property, making this home truly move-in ready.Ideally located just minutes from downtown Columbia, the University of South Carolina, major employers, Interstate 77, and Columbia Metropolitan Airport, this home offers the perfect balance of neighborhood charm and accessibility.Modern construction, generous living space, desirable upgrades, and an exceptional location make 139 Bonhill Drive a rare opportunity in today's market. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
ONE-STORY BRICK RANCH + NO HOA + .33-ACRE CORNER LOT! Welcome to 1855 Evelyn St in Cayce, where classic charm, spacious rooms, and thoughtful updates come together just 15 minutes from Downtown Columbia. With 1,972 square feet, 4 bedrooms, and 2 full bathrooms, this move-in-ready home provides plenty of space and flexibility—all on one level!Inside, natural light fills the spacious living room, where beautiful hardwood floors continue into the formal dining room. The kitchen features stained cabinetry, a generous eat-in area, and ALL APPLIANCES CONVEY. Just off the kitchen, a sunroom with its own mini-split creates the perfect year-round space for morning coffee, a sitting room, or additional entertaining space.The generously sized primary bedroom features hardwood flooring and built-in storage. Its updated private bathroom includes tile flooring, a tiled walk-in shower, and stained vanity. Two additional bedrooms feature hardwood floors and share a NEWLY RENOVATED bathroom with dual vanity, tile flooring, and tiled tub/shower.Need even more flexibility? A large fourth bedroom with a closet could also function as a home office, playroom, hobby room, or second living space. Fresh interior paint adds to the home's move-in-ready feel.Outside, you'll find a fenced backyard and detached carport providing additional covered parking or storage.Located less than 20 minutes from Main Street Lexington and approximately 15 minutes from Downtown Columbia, this home combines SPACE, CONVENIENCE, NO HOA, AND ONE-STORY LIVING.BRICK RANCH. CORNER LOT. NO HOA. NEAR DOWNTOWN COLUMBIA. Schedule your private showing today!Property sold in AS-IS condition. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Step into the charm and convenience of this beautifully maintained 3-bedroom home in the heart of Cayce! Featuring a spacious primary suite with a private bath, this home also offers two additional bedrooms connected by a convenient Jack-and-Jill bathroom layout. The oversized laundry room provides plenty of extra storage and functionality, while the bright sunroom creates the perfect space to relax, work, or entertain year-round.Outside, you'll love the large fenced backyard complete with a cozy firepit area — ideal for gatherings and enjoying a cup of coffee in the morning or relaxing in the evening. A welcoming front porch offers the perfect spot for morning coffee or evening rocking chairs. Conveniently located just minutes from downtown Columbia and the University of South Carolina, this home combines comfort, space, and location all in one. Disclaimer: CMLS has not reviewed and, therefore, does not endorse vendors who may appear in listings.
Andrea D. Conner, License 102111, Xome Inc., License 19633, [email protected], 844-400-XOME (9663), 751 Highway 121 Bypass, Suite 100, Lewisville, Texas 75067
The information being provided is for the consumer's personal, non-commercial use and may not be used for any purpose other than to identify prospective properties consumer may be interested in purchasing. Any information relating to real estate for sale referenced on this web site comes from the Internet Data Exchange (IDX) program of the Consolidated MLS®. This web site may reference real estate listing(s) held by a brokerage firm other than the broker and/or agent who owns this web site. The accuracy of all information, regardless of source, including but not limited to square footages and lot sizes, is deemed reliable but not guaranteed and should be personally verified through personal inspection by and/or with the appropriate professionals. Copyright © 2026, Consolidated MLS®.
Cayce is located in South Carolina. Cayce, South Carolina 29033has a population of 13,637. Cayce 29033 is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 19.33% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 31.47%.
The median household income in Cayce, South Carolina 29033 is $55,162. The median household income for the surrounding county is $65,623 compared to the national median of $69,021. The median age of people living in Cayce 29033 is 37 years.
The average high temperature in July is 93.7 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 35.7 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 45.4 inches per year, with 1 inches of snow per year.
