Exceptional custom craftsmanship defines this stunning Cape Cod, offering over 3,500 sq. ft. of beautifully finished living space with 4 bedrooms and 3.5 baths. From the dramatic foyer and grand wrought-iron staircase to the exquisite custom finishes throughout, every detail reflects a commitment to quality and timeless design!! The gourmet kitchen is truly a showpiece, featuring luxurious limestone flooring, exotic granite countertops, a two-tiered island, and beautifully glazed, full-overlay maple cabinetry finished on all sides, complemented by a striking stacked-stone accent wall and custom architectural details. Rich porcelain wood-look flooring, elegant crown molding, Pella windows and door walls with integrated blinds, built-in speakers, and custom-appointed baths further elevate the home. The first-floor primary suite offers a luxurious retreat with a spa-inspired bath, air-jet tub, frameless shower, and walk-in closet, while the private secondary suite provides exceptional accommodations for family or guests. The completely finished lower level adds an impressive dimension of living space with slate flooring, partial kitchen, granite dry bar, home theater, and home gym. A new furnace and A/C provide added comfort. Outside, discover your own private oasis with a beautifully landscaped backyard, expansive patio, and distinctive double pergola--an exceptional setting for entertaining, relaxing, and enjoying the outdoors. This is a truly remarkable home where sophisticated design, exceptional materials, and meticulous craftsmanship come together in perfect harmony. Make sure to take your time viewing the multiple photos with descriptions and virtual tour to give you a better visual of what this extrodinary home has to offer!!
Enjoy Pleasant Lake privileges for swimming, kayaking, fishing and easy summer days by the water. A little cottage feel, a little eclectic charm, and plenty of personality, this unique 3BD, 2BA West Bloomfield walkout sits on a beautiful lot and feels more like a private getaway than your everyday suburban home. Many windows bring in great natural light, giving the space a bright, relaxed feel, while the outdoor setting creates your own little oasis, note lot size. Inside, you'll find an open and comfortable layout with a fireplace, updated kitchen, two full baths and a finished walkout lower level offering flexible space for entertaining, hobbies or simply spreading out. Recent improvements include updates to the water system, hot water heater and well pump. The detached 2.5-car garage gives you plenty of room for parking, storage, lake toys, bikes, or even a small workshop. By far this is not a cookie-cutter, and that's exactly the appeal. A fun alternative to condo living with your own large yard with no HOA fees, but small yet comfortable enough to kick back! This lake access and no mandatory association fees. Bring your creative ideas and make this artsy little retreat your own. Nominal lake access fee. Use your imagination with this one. Please note, photos may give some rooms a more spacious appearance. Refer to stated square footage and measurements for actual dimensions. VA/FHA accepted w/no repair cost to seller/s. Property is being sold as-is.
Experience luxury living with coveted Walnut Lake Sub 1 DEEDED privileges and award-winning Birmingham Schools in one of the area's most prestigious communities. This exceptional custom residence offers approximately 4,600 sq. ft. of refined living space with 5 bedrooms, 4 full and 2 half baths, thoughtfully designed for sophisticated entertaining and everyday comfort. Rich hardwood floors, soaring ceilings, expansive Andersen windows and doors, and abundant natural light create an atmosphere of timeless elegance. The gourmet chef's kitchen is the heart of the home, featuring premium Viking appliances, an oversized center island, abundant custom cabinetry, and generous prep space that flows seamlessly into the spacious gathering and dining areas. The luxurious primary suite is a private retreat with a fireplace, spa-inspired bath featuring heated floors, dual vanities, soaking tub, and an oversized designer shower. A private first-floor executive office with separate exterior entrance is ideal for today's work-from-home professional or client meetings. A first-floor bedroom suite can be a second primary bedroom or au pair suite with full bath providing exceptional flexibility for multigenerational living or extended guests. Home features include Anderson windows and hardwood throughout most of the house. The first floor mud room has a lav attached and can be converted to a laundry room. The attached 3-car garage includes an EV charger, while exceptional storage is found throughout the home. Just steps away, enjoy exclusive access to Walnut Lake Subdivision 1 Beach with private clubhouse, swimming, boating, and extensive recreation. An added bonus: the buildable lot adjacent to the home is available for sale, offering a rare opportunity for additional privacy, future expansion, or long-term investment potential. Combining luxury, location, lifestyle, and one of the area's most desirable lake communities, this is a truly exceptional offering rarely available. BTVAI.
Prime Location in the Desirable Gated Community of Maple Place Villas! Nestled in a quiet, private cul-de-sac at the back of the neighborhood surrounded by mature trees, this light and bright detached condo offers an open, spacious floor plan. The large kitchen features white cabinetry, abundant storage, ample counter space, and a cozy breakfast nook. The sunlit living room boasts a dramatic two-story gas fireplace and expansive picture window, flowing seamlessly into a dining area perfect for entertaining. An additional main-floor room offers versatile space for an office, library, or sitting area. Convenient main-floor living includes a primary bedroom with a full en-suite bath, alongside a second bedroom and second full bathroom. Upstairs, the expansive loft area serves as an ideal third bedroom suite complete with its own full bath. Need more room? The massive full basement provides endless storage or the potential to finish for additional living space. Enjoy the neighborhood's tree-lined walking paths, along with access to the community clubhouse and pool!
Welcome to 3013 Moon Lake Dr, nestled in the highly desirable Moon Lake Condominiums! This spacious, light-filled end-unit condominium offers 3 bedrooms and 2 full baths, with a versatile main-floor bedroom that's perfect for guests, a home office, or den. The inviting foyer features a large double closet and opens to a bright living and dining area highlighted by a cozy fireplace and multiple sliding doors leading to the deck. Step outside and enjoy peaceful, wooded views that create a private and tranquil setting. The beautifully updated kitchen offers generous counter space, ample cabinetry, and a functional layout ideal for everyday living and entertaining. A convenient one-car attached garage adds extra storage and ease. Upstairs, you'll find two additional bedrooms, including a spacious primary suite featuring two large closets and a full bath. The partially finished walkout basement provides valuable additional living space including bar area and opens to a relaxing patio area. With its spacious layout, thoughtful updates, wooded surroundings, attached garage, and desirable condominium setting, 3013 Moon Lake Dr is a wonderful place to call home!
Welcome to 5369 W Bloomfield Lake Road! This spacious 4-bedroom home offers a fantastic floor plan with beautiful hardwood floors throughout much of the main level, generous room sizes, and an abundance of natural light. Enjoy multiple living and entertaining areas, a fireplace, formal dining room, and a spacious primary suite. Step outside to the expansive deck overlooking the private, tree-lined backyard--perfect for relaxing or entertaining. The partially finished basement provides additional usable space and flexibility. Ideally located in West Bloomfield near shopping, dining, parks, and recreation. A wonderful home with great bones, a great layout, and plenty of opportunity to make it your own!
Architectural flare and sophistication describes this home! Double door front entrance that opens up to an open floor plan. The tremendous sized cathedral ceiling living room (29X18) will absolutely wow you. Terrific room for entertaining, abundance recesses lights, fireplace as a focal point, and windows that allow the room to be sun-drenched. Family room/ library add to the beauty of the home. Bright white island kitchen with top-of-the-line Stainless Steel appliances, designer backsplash, Hardwood Flooring, desk, loads of cabinetry, recessed lights and large dining area that leads out to the composite deck. Large formal dining with builtin console and fabulous ceiling fixture. 1st floor laundry and mudroom. Four bedrooms including the Primary suite with built-ins and "his & her" professionally fitted closets, soaking tub and separate shower. Updates include roof and many windows. Pride of ownership radiates thru-out the home. Pack your bags and move in! BLOOMFIELD HILLS SCHOOLS
The West Bloomfield Trail awaits you! Runners, walkers and bikers, here is your chance! Approx. 100 yards from your new ranch home with over 7 miles of recreation. Close proximity to walk to breakfast at Ellen's or Canelle's, just off the trail. This one level ranch offers nearly 1,500 square feet of comfortable, easy living. Inside, you'll find 3 bedrooms, 1.1 baths, a generous living area and a nicely sized kitchen featuring plenty of room for everyday meals and entertaining. Outside is where this property really stands out! Situated over a .26-acre lot that has a new chain link fence and a new retaining wall. Car enthusiasts, hobbyists or anyone needing extra storage will appreciate the oversized 2.5-car detached garage with electricity, plus an additional shed for even more storage. A long driveway provides plenty of additional parking. Sylvan Manor subdivision is located near lakes, parks, Costco and the popular "Sylvan Table" restaurant. Priced to move, don't mis this one!
Great opportunity in West Bloomfield with lake privileges on Middle and Upper Straits Lake! This 3-bedroom, 1.1-bath ranch offers 1,886 square feet of finished living space, including a finished basement that adds valuable room to spread out. The main level features hardwood flooring throughout the bedrooms, a spacious kitchen with stainless steel appliances, and a comfortable family room highlighted by a fireplace. The single-level layout provides convenient everyday living, while the finished lower level offers flexible space for a home office, recreation room, workout area or additional entertaining space. Outside, enjoy a fenced backyard, deck and attached two-car garage. Located within the Twin Beach Golf & Country Club subdivision, the home offers optional association access with beach and lake privileges on Middle and Upper Straits Lake, an all-sports lake--perfect for enjoying Michigan summers close to home. Conveniently situated near Pontiac Trail, shopping, dining and everyday amenities, this property combines a practical ranch layout, additional finished living space and sought-after lake access in West Bloomfield.
Spacious, stylish, and set on over half an acre, this sprawling ranch offers comfortable one-level living in the award winning Birmingham School District. Step inside to a large front living room where the large windows fills the space with natural light. The updated kitchen features newer cabinetry, granite countertops, and stainless steel appliances, combining modern style with plenty of functionality. A welcoming family room provides an additional place to gather and relax, while the private office/library with fireplace creates a cozy setting for working from home, reading, or simply unwinding. The updated bath adds fresh appeal, and with everything conveniently located on one floor, the home offers an easy and versatile lifestyle. An extra-large bonus/storage room provides an abundance of additional space with endless possibilities for hobbies, a workout area, playroom, or simply exceptional storage. Outside, the expansive half-acre-plus property offers plenty of room to enjoy the outdoors, garden, entertain, or create your own backyard retreat. With its generous living spaces, thoughtful updates, unique flex spaces, and sought-after Birmingham Schools, this inviting ranch offers a wonderful combination of space, comfort, and location. Check it out today!!!
Room for everyone in this well-thought out home with flexible options. Tons of updates including a newer eat-in island kitchen with granite counters, a really cool wet-bar area off the kitchen near the formal dining room, a giant living room with gas fireplace, and a large den or home office that could be an additional bedroom on the main floor if you need one. Upper level features 4 big bedrooms including the primary suite with walk-in closet and a full bath including dual sinks, a separate makeup vanity and a big shower with bench. 3 additional bedroom upstairs share the hall bath. 2nd floor laundry is super convenient and features a big Costco closet for plenty of additional storage space. The basement is finished (but needs new carpet) and features a full bathroom, a home office, a possible 5th bedroom (no egress), a huge recreation/family room and plenty of space for workout equipment or hobbyists plus storage. Students will attend the newest West Bloomfield Schools!
** MULTIPLE OFFERS RECEIVED. HIGHEST & BEST DUE MONDAY 8/17 AT 10AM** Lake days, golf weekends, and a quiet backyard retreat - all from home. Welcome to 4256 Highland Ct, a beautifully updated West Bloomfield home with all-sports Middle Straits Lake privileges, Walled Lake Schools, and nearly one-third acre on a quiet dead-end street. Inside, new flooring flows throughout the home, beginning with a custom mudroom closet designed for everyday organization. The open-concept layout makes the main living spaces feel bright and connected, while the kitchen features granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, and ample cabinetry for plenty of storage. An additional family room with a working wood-burning stove adds warmth, character, and a cozy second living space. Outside, nearly 1/3 of an acre is fully fenced. Raised garden beds, a play structure, and an expansive porch create a backyard that's ready to enjoy from day one. Tucked away on a quiet dead-end street with minimal through traffic, the property offers a sense of privacy while still being close to everything West Bloomfield has to offer. Additional features include fiber optic internet availability, a reverse osmosis system, water softener, and a partially finished basement with even more potential. A basement room is already plumbed for a full bathroom, and enough matching flooring is included with the sale to help complete the space. It would make a wonderful full gym space with attached shower room for someone. With lake privileges, nearby golf, Walled Lake Schools, a spacious fenced yard, and thoughtful updates throughout, 4256 Highland Ct offers a fantastic combination of location, lifestyle, and flexibility.
Location, location! Move-in ready 4-bedroom, 2.5-bath Colonial ideally located in the heart of West Bloomfield. Thoughtfully designed floor plan features a granite island kitchen with an eat-in breakfast nook, spacious dining room opens to the living room with two door walls to large wood deck; separate family room/den with fireplace. Numerous windows fill the home with an abundance of natural light. Four bedrooms are located upstairs, including a spacious primary suite with two walk-in closets. Three additional generously sized bedrooms feature ceiling lights. The second-floor hallway bath is conveniently connected to the laundry room. Day light basement. Updates include a brand-new tear-off roof, 1-year-old A/C, and several newer appliances. The community offers its own recreation park, the home is just around the corner and minutes from Lily Pad Springs Splash Pad. Sprinkler. Non-homestead tax. Immediate occupancy. BATVAI. Licensed agent to be physically present at all showings..
BEAUTIFUL 3 BEDROOM CONDO IN WEST BLOOMFIELD, OVER 1900 SQUARE FEET OF LIVING SPACE, UPDATED THROUGHOUT , NEWLY FINISHED KITCHEN WITH STAINLESS STEEL APPLIANCES , FAMILY ROOM FEATURES A FIREPLACE, 2 AND A HALF REMODELED BATHROOMS , FIRST FLOOR LAUNDRY ROOM , THIS ONE WILL NOT LAST LONG, SCHEDULE YOUR APPOINTMENT TODAY, ROOM SIZES ESTIMATED, INFORMATION DEEMED RELIABLE BUT NOT GUARANTEED.
The home sits on .82 acres and is centrally located in a quiet neighborhood(Knollwood Heights), right across from Knollwood Country Club, minutes from Downtown Birmingham, Orchard Lake and so much more. This home is being sold AS-IS.
Welcome to 1753 Weymouth, a beautifully updated 4-bedroom, 3-full-bath home tucked away on a quiet dead-end street in West Bloomfield! With over $100,000 in updates, this home offers the perfect blend of modern improvements, comfortable living, and a fantastic setting surrounded by lakes. The spacious layout provides plenty of room for everyday living and entertaining, while the extensive updates offer peace of mind and style. Step outside and enjoy the private setting, with a sauna tucked inside the shed--a unique bonus for relaxing at home. Located in a desirable area with lakes all around, this property offers a wonderful combination of tranquility, convenience, and West Bloomfield living. A rare opportunity to own a substantially updated home in a peaceful neighborhood--move-in ready and waiting for its next owner!
Open concept end unit Condo w/ 2 Bedrooms & 3 full Baths. Enter into the Great Room w/ Harwood floors, Gas Fireplace and a Bay window adjoining the dining area. Kitchen is bright with Sky Light, plenty of cabinets w/ New Refrigerator & Free-Standing Electric Range. Bedrooms are spacious w/ large walk-in closet in the primary bedroom w/ attached bath. Finished Lower-level w/ wet bar, refrigerator, full bath and great storage, office space and a theater room! Tandem 2 car attached garage w/ fantastic upper storage area. Private front Courtyard to relax and enjoy. New washer & Dryer. Walk to nearby Pool, Tennis/ Pickleball Courts! BATVIA
Rare opportunity to own one of the larger ranch homes in this desirable West Bloomfield neighborhood, offering 2,272 sq. ft. of living space. Expanded beyond the original floor plan, this inviting home features multiple living areas, including a large living room with a beautiful bay window and an impressive family room with a vaulted ceiling, exposed beams, expansive windows that fill the space with natural light, and a cozy wood-burning fireplace with a classic brick hearth. The generously sized primary suite includes a spacious bedroom and an impressive bath with a jetted tub and separate shower, while two additional bedrooms feature large closets. A versatile flex room with an exterior entrance offers endless possibilities for a home office, playroom, hobby room, or additional living space. Neutral tones throughout create a welcoming backdrop for your personal updates and design ideas. Major mechanical updates include a new furnace and water heater in 2026, plus a second furnace replaced in 2022 for added peace of mind. A 1-year America's Preferred Home Warranty with a $100 deductible is being offered. This non-smoking, pet-free home also includes two storage sheds, one thoughtfully positioned to provide added privacy for the deck. Ideally located just minutes from shopping, restaurants, Pine Lake Country Club, and Sylvan Manor Park with access to the West Bloomfield Trail. Conveniently located near the West Bloomfield School District, with School of Choice opportunities available to eligible students through the district's application and selection process. Bring your vision and make this exceptional home your own.
Welcome to this updated Wellington Woods Estates home in the highly acclaimed West Bloomfield School District! Offering 4 spacious bedrooms, 2.1 baths, a 2-car garage, and a partially finished basement, this home delivers the space, updates, and location you've been searching for. The light-filled living room flows into the formal dining room, both featuring oversized windows and new hardwood flooring. The spacious kitchen offers granite countertops, updated lighting, included appliances, ample cabinetry, and island seating. A large pantry/closet--originally the first-floor laundry--could easily be converted back if desired. The sunny breakfast nook opens to the expansive deck, while the oversized family room features a cozy fireplace, abundant natural light, and a second doorwall for effortless indoor-outdoor living. Upstairs, the generous primary suite features new laminate flooring, a beautifully updated ensuite bath, and large closet. Three additional spacious bedrooms share a full bath. The basement offers some existing finishes to floor + ceiling and plenty of potential for additional living, recreation, fitness, or office space. Major updates include new roof (May 2025), new concrete driveway (2024), newer hardwood and laminate flooring, crown molding, updated kitchen and primary bath, plus a furnace approximately 10 years old.Enjoy the large backyard with oversized deck, pergola, gas-line grill, and storage shed--all included. Ideally located near Cass Lake, Orchard Lake, and Marshbank Park, with easy access to boating, fishing, trails, parks, shopping, dining, and major roadways. A fantastic opportunity to enjoy all that West Bloomfield, Michigan has to offer! Some photos have been virtually staged FYI BATVAI IDRBNG
Tucked away at the end of a quiet cul-de-sac, this beautifully maintained Georgian Colonial welcomes you with timeless curb appeal and a floor plan designed around the way people actually live today. The centerpiece of the home is an exceptional custom kitchen that immediately draws your attention. With abundant cabinetry, generous countertop space, quality finishes, and an open design connecting directly to the family room, it's a space built for everything from quiet mornings to large holiday gatherings. The adjoining family room offers warmth and character with custom built-ins surrounding the fireplace, creating a comfortable place to unwind while remaining connected to the kitchen and entertaining areas. The formal living and dining rooms provide elegant spaces for hosting family celebrations, dinner parties, or creating flexible work-from-home environments without sacrificing everyday living areas. Upstairs, oversized bedrooms provide comfort for everyone, while updated bathrooms and a spacious primary suite offer a peaceful retreat at the end of each day. The finished basement expands your possibilities even further, making room for a home theater, fitness area, game room, hobby space, or additional entertaining. Step outside and you'll discover one of the property's greatest features--nearly one acre of beautifully landscaped grounds surrounded by mature trees that provide privacy, tranquility, and room to enjoy every season Michigan has to offer. Located within the highly regarded West Bloomfield School District, you'll also enjoy quick access to Orchard Lake, numerous parks, golf courses, walking trails, shopping, restaurants, and major commuting routes, making this location as desirable as the home itself. If you've been searching for a home that offers timeless architecture, exceptional entertaining spaces, generous room sizes, and an outstanding location, this is one you won't want to miss.
Backing to beautiful woods and just steps from the West Bloomfield Trail, this move-in-ready home offers privacy, comfort, and convenience. A sought-after first-floor primary suite features a spa-like ensuite and spacious closet. A dramatic two-story foyer with an Austrian crystal chandelier welcomes you inside. The open-concept layout includes a beautifully appointed kitchen, breakfast nook, sitting area, and great room, anchored by a double-sided fireplace--perfect for everyday living and entertaining. Enjoy whole-home audio, dual furnaces and A/C systems for zoned comfort, plus two spacious upstairs bedrooms and a versatile loft that can easily serve as a fourth bedroom or home office. The finished lower level adds exceptional living space with room for a recreation area, home theater, gym, or guest suite, along with abundant storage. Relax in the private backyard with mature wooded views from the Florida room or deck. Additional features include a 3.5-car attached garage, community walking paths, and a tot lot. Located in the award-winning Walled Lake School District, just minutes from the West Bloomfield Trail, M-5, Costco, Life Time Fitness, shopping, dining, and major medical centers, this beautifully maintained home offers an exceptional lifestyle in one of West Bloomfield's most desirable locations.
WELCOME HOME! Tucked into a private, nature-filled setting, this unforgettable Custom one-story home invites you in from the moment you arrive. At the heart of the home, a stunning atrium brings the outdoors inside, while the all-seasons room offers the perfect place to unwind year-round overlooking your backyard oasis. Step outside to your built in pool, pool house, and expansive entertaining spaces designed for summer nights and lasting memories. Spacious throughout with a partially finished basement and additional bath. This home blends comfort, character, and lifestyle in an incredible location. A RARE Forever Home opportunity! New Carpeting, new kitchen cabinets and custom backsplash, updated Primary Master bathroom and bedroom with his and her closets, updated lavatory, great room and living room. Too many upgrades to boast - Come See. A RARE Forever Home opportunity!
Welcome to this well-loved quad-level home offering 5-6 bedrooms and an abundance of flexible living space, perfect for multi-generational living. Step inside to find beautiful hardwood floors and an updated kitchen, with all appliances included. The spacious living room boasts a vaulted ceiling, and flows into the dining room adding openness and architectural charm. A bright 3-season room extends your living space and provides the perfect spot to enjoy morning coffee or unwind at the end of the day. The inviting family room features a natural wood-burning fireplace, and hardwood floors, creating a cozy gathering place. This home is equipped with boiler heat and central air, with three zones, offering comfort year-round. Rest at ease, with a whole house generator. The ground level includes in-laws quarters, with a wet bar, which could be expanded into a second kitchen, ideal for extended family, nanny, or a private work-from-home suite. Expanded garage with EV charger. HOA includes neighborhood pool. HAM radio enthusiasts delight - permitted antenna. Estate - No Disclosures Available.
Opportunity awaits in West Bloomfield! Situated on three lots, this 4-bedroom, 1-bath home offers plenty of potential for a buyer ready to bring their ideas and personal touches. The property features a functional floor plan, four bedrooms offering flexibility for a variety of uses, and a detached 1.5-car garage with additional storage space. The expansive three-lot setting provides added outdoor space and possibilities rarely found at this price point. The home is ready for updates and improvements, making it a great opportunity to renovate and create a space that reflects your own style. Whether you're looking for a home to make your own or a property with investment potential, this West Bloomfield property is worth a look. Bring your vision and discover the possibilities! BATVAI
This beautifully updated 5 bedroom, 2 bath sits on a quarter acre lot in the sought after Kimberley North subdivision and offers a rare bonus for the area: a fully fenced backyard, uncommon for this neighborhood and perfect for pets, play, or privacy. With approximately 2,427 square feet of living space, a 2 car attached garage, a cozy family room fireplace, and a patio for outdoor enjoyment, this home blends comfortable living with move in ready updates throughout. Step inside to a completely renovated first floor, fully updated in 2022, including a brand new kitchen and new flooring throughout, gorgeous Provenza luxury vinyl plank, a premium, high durability flooring choice that pairs style with everyday functionality. The primary bathroom was also tastefully remodeled, adding a modern touch to the private upstairs retreat. Major systems and structural components have been thoughtfully maintained and updated over the years: windows installed 2017 and backed by a 35 year Wallside warranty, an electrical panel and gutters both updated in 2017, a new water heater in 2023, and a roof estimated by American Standard to have another 10 to 15 years of life remaining. This is a home where the big ticket items have already been taken care of, giving buyers real peace of mind. Located just steps from shopping, Whole Foods, and Plum Market, and with quick access to Northwestern Highway, this home offers unbeatable convenience to get anywhere with ease. Do not miss your opportunity to own this meticulously maintained property. BATVAI.


West Bloomfield is located in Michigan. West Bloomfield, Michigan has a population of 67,753. West Bloomfield is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 31.93% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 32.55%.
The median household income in West Bloomfield, Michigan is $119,852. The median household income for the surrounding county is $86,275 compared to the national median of $69,021. The median age of people living in West Bloomfield is 46.8 years.
The average high temperature in July is 81.77 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 15.6 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 31.77 inches per year, with 41.1 inches of snow per year.