OPEN SUNDAY 9/27 1-3PM! Urban Farmers or Outdoor Enthusiast's Dream! This beautiful home has been updated from top to bottom. You'll enjoy the eat in kitchen with natural wood cabinets, new appliances, new countertops, new ceramic subway tile back splash. The open floor plan includes a spacious living room, kitchen with breakfast bar and first floor powder room. You will find new luxury vinyl plank flooring throughout this home. The spotless basement has laundry connections, extra insulation, and sump pump with French drain installed. All of this under one brand new roof. The sliding glass doors lead to the massive deck overlooking the extra-large back yard with gated parking. Don't miss the large storage shed and chicken coop in the back yard. Upstairs are three roomy bedrooms and two full baths. Located in the West End neighborhood, this property is ideal for anyone seeking the food, fun and convenience of the U-City loop. A short walk to the metro link station and Forest Park.
Built in 1909 and completely renovated in 2020, this all-brick home perfectly blends historic character with the modern amenities and technology of today. Step inside to a completely open floor plan featuring beautiful solid oak floors and soaring 10-foot ceilings. The main level flows seamlessly from the living room to the dining area and kitchen, with a convenient half bath and bright sunroom providing even more living space. Upstairs, you’ll find three bedrooms and two full baths, including a spacious primary suite with a walk-in closet featuring custom shelving, dual vanities, and the ultimate convenience—laundry right in the primary bath! The finished walkout lower level adds impressive versatility with a spacious bonus room, full bath, and recreation/living area—perfect for guests, a home office, gym, hobby space, or additional everyday living space. What truly sets this home apart is the incredible investment in smart-home technology, energy efficiency, comfort, and convenience. The extensive 51-panel solar power system goes beyond solar alone, with an impressive 40 kWh of battery storage for added energy independence and peace of mind. Two Span smart electrical panels allow for app-based energy monitoring. Dual HVAC systems with Nest thermostats provide zoned comfort, while smart lighting and fans, an Arlo security system with nine cameras and video doorbell, whole-house water softener and filtration, and a sophisticated sump pump system with battery backup and smart monitoring add another level of convenience and peace of mind. The kitchen continues the upgrades with reverse-osmosis water filtration with UV sanitizing, a pot filler, Samsung smart refrigerator, premium dishwasher, gas range, and built-in microwave. Outside, the fully fenced backyard and gated driveway lead to an oversized 2-car garage equipped with two smart EV chargers, plus an additional oversized 2-car carport. And the location is just as impressive—near the Delmar Loop, The Pageant, shops, restaurants, entertainment, and Forest Park. Historic architecture, a complete modern renovation, incredible smart-home and energy upgrades that offer significant homeowner savings, flexible living space, and a fantastic location— 6007 Cates offers a combination you simply don’t find every day.
RENT READY. NO WORK NEEDED HAS NEW WHITE PAINT REAL HARDWOOD FLOORS AND A CENTRAL AC SYSTEM. ALREADY HAS BLINDS AND AN ALARM SYSTEM THAT YOU CAN CONTROL FROM YOUR PHONE.
Experience DeBaliviere Place living in this classic 1914 brick building situated right beside the neighborhood swimming pool, quick access to Forest Park and nearby universities! The ground floor unit combines timeless character with modern upgrades. Unwind in the spacious living area anchored by a the wood-burning fireplace, recessed lighting, and beautiful wood floors. The galley kitchen showcases granite counters, classic subway tile backsplash, and stainless appliances, paired with in-unit main-floor laundry. The second bedroom features 3 walls of windows and the room could be used as an office. Association perks include secure enclosed parking, building security, water/sewer, exterior maintenance, and a fitness center around the corner. If you are hoping to purchase an affordable unit within reach of Forest Park, this is the condo that you need to tour!
Welcome to this beautifully updated 3-bedroom, 2-full-bath condo offering 1,549 square feet of living space in the highly desirable DeBaliviere neighborhood. Located on the third floor and positioned as a corner unit, this home is filled with natural light and offers a wonderful combination of classic character and thoughtful updates. As you enter, you’re greeted by hardwood floors that flow throughout the main living areas, along with a spacious, sun-filled living room and adjoining dining room. The kitchen is well-appointed and conveniently located for both everyday living and entertaining. The generous floor plan includes 3 comfortable bedrooms and 2 updated full bathrooms featuring timeless marble finishes. Additional improvements include a newer HVAC system and several newer windows. Step outside to your private covered balcony, the perfect spot for morning coffee, an al fresco dinner, or simply enjoying. And then there’s the location, the lifestyle is hard to beat. Enjoy easy access to Forest Park, major hospitals and universities, the Central West End, Downtown St. Louis, Clayton, and some of the city’s best restaurants, cultural attractions, and outdoor amenities. A wonderful opportunity to own a spacious, updated condo in one of St. Louis’ most desirable and convenient neighborhoods. Don’t miss your chance to get into the Randolph Condominiums!
Circa 1996 Just 30 years young & on a quiet block mixed with historic newer build homes. New dwellers will enjoy the long list of recent updates, including new light fixtures, new carpet in the bedrooms & ceramic tile in the kitchen. Plus, wood look LVP was recently installed in the dining and living areas. Carpet was pulled from the stairwell & replaced with LVP too, plus a high gloss paint brightens from basement to second floor. Subway tile adds a fresh touch in the full bath upstairs. A bold & modern paint palette accents bedrooms areas throughout. Stainless steel appliances, counter space & a bonus built-in pantry open to the spacious formal dining area. Open the French doors and you’ll find an oversized raised deck that overlooks the giant privacy fenced yard. Yes, that is a barbecue pit suited for a whole hog smoking! So grab your gaggle and get the coals hot & the beer cold. This three bedroom two bathroom home sits on a sprawling lot with full front yard and rear access to the tuck-under single car garage. Lots of deep community & history on this hidden block of Horton Place nestled north of the bustling Delmar Loop entertainment & indie-shops & amenities district. Easy access to the central corridor of St. Louis nearby major universities & hospitals, BJS, Wash U and SLU.
5677 Waterman Blvd, Unit 32, St. Louis, MO 63112 Lease Rate: $1,450 / month Turnkey 2-bedroom, 1-bathroom condo located in prime Skinker DeBaliviere! Just minutes from Forest Park, Washington University, and the Delmar Loop, this 3rd-floor unit offers standard modern updates, open-concept living, and natural light throughout. Key Features: Move-In Ready: Interior is fully updated, clean, and completely unaffected by recent building maintenance/repairs. Modern Kitchen & Appliances: Stainless steel appliance package including built-in microwave, dishwasher, and gas stove. In-Unit Laundry: Washer and dryer included inside the unit for convenience. Parking & Storage: Secured/off-street parking spaces and additional basement storage space. Prime Location: Steps from MetroLink stations, local dining, parks, and major medical centers (Barnes-Jewish/BJC). This condo is also for sale.
What a great opportunity to own a freshly renovated condo in a just-updated building sporting a new roof, flooring, paint and systems. With a view overlooking Forest Park, this unit is centrally located in the active Skinker DeBaleviere neighborhood, and has 2 beds with generous closet space and a large bath, blonde wood floors and a balcony just outside the living room french doors. The kitchen includes all the necessities, and includes an in-unit washer/dryer combo, with an alternative shared laundry just around the hall corner. The highly walkable neighborhood offers excellent proximity to Central West End, Wash U, Barnes Jewish, and Childrens' Hospitals. This price, size and space are unbeatable for comfortable living in the heart of St Louis, and it won't last long!
INVESTOR SPECIAL! Prime opportunity to purchase a two-family property in the Hamilton Heights area of St. Louis City. This property is being offered AS-IS and is ideal for an investor or rehabber looking to add value through renovation. Property features approximately 2,058 square feet with two units and offers plenty of potential for a full renovation or investment project. Seller will make no repairs or warranties. Buyer to perform their own due diligence and inspections. Cash offers only. Bring your vision and make this property your next investment!
Sophisticated, spacious condo in the heart of popular DeBaliviere Place! This beautifully updated unit features a great layout, with two beds, two baths and TWO balconies! Only a few units in the building have balconies, so don't miss the chance for a home that includes sought-after outdoor living space! You'll love the sleek, laminate floors in the living areas and new carpet in the bedrooms! Low condo fees include water, sewer and trash. Enjoy maintenance-free living in a well-managed building, just steps from beautiful Forest Park! You'll love the quiet street and the convenience to Central West End, Wash U and public transportation! Condo includes a rock-star assigned parking space in the secure, gated parking lot. Wash U employees can enjoy $12,500 in employer-sponsored down payment assistance - Live Where You Work! Easy to show! Location: End Unit
MOTIVATED SELLER OFFERING UP TO $10,000 TOWARD BUYERS CLOSING COSTS OR INTEREST_RATE BUYDOWN WITH ACCEPTABLE OFFER. Here's another reason to take a fresh look at 5849 DeGiverville. Historic St. Louis character, beautifully updated living spaces and exceptional room to spread out and come together in this impressive 5 bedrooms, 4.5 baths VICTORIAN offering approximately 3,623 sq ft of total living space. Step inside to soaring ceilings, rich wood floors, pocket doors, updated lighting and a modern kitchen with stainless-steel appliances and solid surface countertops. The spacious primary suite features a spa-inspired bath with dual vanities, soaking tub and separate shower. The finished walk-out lower level adds an entirely different dimension to the home featuring a full bath, additional laundry and private wine/bourbon tasting lounge-an ideal setting for entertaining guests or simply unwinding at home. Additional features include upper-level laundry, zoned HVAC, electrical upgrades, EV charging, two car covered parking and a private yard. And now, with up to $10,000 in seller-paid closing costs or interest-rate buydown available with an acceptable offer, buyers may have an opportunity to reduce their upfront costs or monthly payment. If you have been watching this home,come experience it in person-and bring your offer.
ATTENTION INVESTORS! This is THE ONE - Historic two story brick charmer with an oversized garage on a large lot! Great location, close to all St Louis sights, new NGA Campus, shopping, restaurants, highways and all other amenities! Bring this great sized 2 story home back to its beauty. OR build a brand new investment - The minimum buildable lot size in St. Louis City is 2,000 square feet for single-family homes and 1,250 square feet per unit for two-family homes. This lot offers 7,750 sqft! This is an awesome buy for investors or a homeowner occupant with a vision! Great investment opportunity - could be a tear down rehab it's current structure and bring it back to life. Tons of brick could also be used to re-sell. STL City has lots of opportunities for investors - this property may qualify for credits/ benefits due to its location. Opportunity Zones are economically-distressed areas where new investments may be eligible for preferential tax treatment. Utilize the large lot and make it cash flow again. Last chance to make a smart investment move this quarter/ end of year. Priced to sell, Full Gut Rehab. CALL NOW
A Historic DeBaliviere Place Gem in the Heart of St. Louis Welcome home to this charming 2-bedroom, 2-bathroom condo in a beautiful, historic, secure building, perfectly situated in the heart of DeBaliviere Place. Freshly painted and filled with natural light, this inviting home offers comfort, convenience, and an unbeatable location. The spacious primary bedroom features a private bathroom and walk-in closet, while the second bedroom has its own full bathroom conveniently located just across the hall. The bright, welcoming living room is surrounded by windows, creating a light and airy space that is perfect for relaxing or entertaining. The well-appointed kitchen features stainless steel appliances, a breakfast bar, and a washer/dryer combo, making everyday living easy and convenient. An additional laundry facility is also available on each floor. Enjoy the added convenience of a private, gated parking lot, a wonderful bonus in this sought-after city location. Location is truly the star here! Forest Park, the Central West End, Washington University, and BJC are all nearby. The MetroLink station is less than a block away, providing easy access to downtown St. Louis, Busch Stadium, Enterprise Center, CITYPARK, and beyond. When you're ready to explore the neighborhood, you can walk to Crema Coffee House, Mack's Bar & Grill, and Park Place Market for coffee, dining, drinks, and everyday essentials. Historic charm, modern convenience, secure parking, and an incredible location—this DeBaliviere Place condo is ready and waiting for its new owner!
Investment Opportunity or Owner Occupant! This 2 bedroom 1st floor condo has been a rental for several years. New Carpet. Excellent opportunity to add your own personal touch and settle into the DeBaliviere Place area. Located just a few walking blocks from Forest Park! This place needs a little TLC to truly make it shine. One Parking space included with this unit. It also has in-unit washer and dryer. Unit is being sold as-is, owner intends to make zero repairs prior to closing or provide occupancy permit.
Discover city living at its best in the Historic Skinker-DeBaliviere Neighborhood, offering a relaxed urban lifestyle within walking distance of many of the area's amenities. Enjoy the nearby Loop with a variety of shops and restaurants, including Blueberry Hill, as well as entertainment venues such as the Pageant and Pin Up Bowl. Other attractions include the Delmar Maker District, Forest Park, Wash U, and the Metrolink, just to name a few! Located on a pretty tree-lined street off the beaten path in a secluded residential area, this beautifully renovated 2nd-floor condo boasts just under 1,600 sq ft., offering the entire 2nd floor of the building all to yourself! Enter to find a fabulous open-concept interior that blends historic architectural details with modern comforts, featuring high ceilings, recessed lighting, and an abundance of large windows that fill the space with natural light. Beautiful wood floors, neutral tones, and white woodwork create an inviting atmosphere. The spacious living room, dining area, and kitchen flow seamlessly together, making it perfect for entertaining. The well-appointed kitchen features custom cabinetry, granite counters, stainless appliances, and a generous island with seating adjoining the dining room. A versatile bonus room off the living room can be used for a variety of purposes, such as a home office, den, media room, or exercise space... You decide! Spacious primary bedroom with a private ensuite that includes a separate shower and soaking tub, adorned with beautiful travertine stone tile, plus a large walk-in closet. The second bedroom is also generously sized and is conveniently located near the hall bath, which also showcases travertine tile. The convenient laundry room includes storage space. For outdoor enjoyment, step out to a large covered deck, perfect for gathering with friends or enjoying a peaceful moment to yourself. A large storage locker is located in the basement. Gated parking with 2 assigned parking spaces. Updates include: New carpet in Primary and 2nd bedrooms Spring 2026, Roof replaced 2026 (HOA responsibility - 7 roofs were replaced; all have been replaced within the last 3 years), Interior painting in 2024, ceiling fans 2023, recessed lighting with adjustable LEDs 2023, AC replaced 2023.
Turnkey, Fully Furnished & Completely Renovated in the Central West End! Welcome to an exceptional 3-story, 3-bedroom, 3-bath residence offering the rare combination of historic St. Louis character, modern luxury and move-in-ready convenience. Completely renovated and offered fully furnished, this distinctive home presents an outstanding opportunity for an owner-occupant, relocating professional or investor seeking a furnished rental property in one of St. Louis’ most desirable and centrally located areas. From the moment you enter, the dramatic foyer and custom-designed staircase create an impressive first impression. Soaring ceilings, abundant natural light and beautiful hardwood flooring enhance the spacious open-concept living and dining areas, while the updated kitchen offers generous cabinetry, ample counter space, bar seating and an effortless flow for everyday living and entertaining. The second-level loft-style primary suite provides a private retreat with an ensuite bath and walk-in closet. The third level features two generously sized king-bedroom suites and an updated full bath, creating flexible accommodations for family, guests, professionals or extended stays. The home has been thoughtfully updated with major systems and modern finishes while preserving the architectural character that makes this property special. A full walk-out basement provides additional functionality and storage. For investors, the property is currently furnished and has been utilized for professional and furnished accommodations, offering the opportunity to acquire a property already positioned for the growing corporate, medical and mid-term rental market. Buyers should independently verify all requirements applicable to their intended rental use. Ideally located near BJC HealthCare, Washington University, Forest Park, the Delmar Loop, The Pageant, restaurants, shopping, entertainment, major medical campuses and convenient highway access. Whether you’re searching for a stunning primary residence, furnished second home or income-producing investment opportunity, this Central West End property offers exceptional versatility. Fully renovated. Fully furnished. Turnkey. Centrally located. Ready for its next owner.
Fully updated, light-filled and move-in ready in the heart of DeBaliviere Place! Unit 37 at 5630 Pershing is a 1 bed, 1 bath condo with a feature that’s especially hard to find in city living: a private balcony stretching nearly the entire length of the unit. Inside, new flooring runs throughout, while the updated kitchen features new cabinetry, countertops and appliances with an open layout flowing into the living and dining areas. Large windows bring in plenty of natural light, the spacious bedroom offers great closet space, and private in-unit laundry adds another everyday convenience. Just off the living space, the oversized balcony feels like an extension of the condo with plenty of room for morning coffee, outdoor dining, plants or just a place to unwind. The updates continue throughout the building with a new roof, flooring, drywall, paint and lighting in the common areas, major fire safety upgrades, elevator modernization and more. Following the 2025 tornado, additional repairs and improvements were completed throughout the property, adding to the significant recent investment in the building. And the location is tough to beat. You’re just a 3-minute walk from Forest Park, with the History Museum, The Muny, Art Museum, Zoo and miles of trails practically in your backyard. WashU, BJC and the Medical Campus are all nearby, and the Blue and Red Metro lines right outside the building offer easy access throughout the city and even to the airport. Add in assigned secure parking included with the HOA dues, secure bike storage, nearby coffee shops, restaurants and a community pool just a block away. Updated inside, improved throughout the building and topped off with an incredible private balcony, Unit 37 makes city living pretty easy.
Attention investors and portfolio builders! This spacious 2 story 3bd home has plenty of recent updates and is move in ready. This home has a separate dining area with an enclosed back porch off the kitchen. A passed occupancy inspection will be provided at time of closing. Rent projections according to Hud rental rate is approximately $1100 a month. Schedule a showing today!
Attention investors and portfolio builders! Immediate passive income with this stable, cash-flowing rental property that has been recently updated throughout. This 2-story home is tenant occupied allowing you to collect rent from day one without any vacancy period or rental hassle. This home has 3 bedrooms on the upper level and features 1.5 baths. The main level is spacious with a formal dining room and large living room area. Inquire today for lease details. Showings with accepted contract.
Enjoy stylish, low-maintenance living in the heart of the vibrant DeBaliviere neighborhood with this beautifully updated second-floor 1-bedroom, 1-bath condo. Just moments from Forest Park, MetroLink, neighborhood restaurants, and the Central West End, this home puts some of St. Louis’ best amenities within easy reach. Inside, the bright, open living and dining space features gleaming hardwood floors, fresh neutral finishes, and access to a private balcony—perfect for morning coffee or unwinding at the end of the day. The renovated kitchen combines style and function with custom gray cabinetry, Pitaya White quartz countertops, stainless steel appliances, under-cabinet lighting, and convenient in-unit combination laundry. The spacious bedroom features plush carpeting and generous closet storage, while the updated bathroom continues the contemporary look with a quartz-topped vanity, modern fixtures, tiled tub surround, and gray tile flooring. Additional updates include new lighting, doors, blinds, closet shelving, digital thermostat, and HVAC replaced in 2020. The unit also includes an assigned gated parking space (#15), private keyed storage near the first-floor elevator, shared bike storage, and access to additional laundry facilities on each floor. With thoughtful updates, private outdoor space, gated parking, and an unbeatable location near Forest Park and MetroLink, this move-in-ready condo offers an ideal combination of convenience, style, and city living.
Welcome to this amazing home in the Historic Skinker-DeBalivere Neighborhood! Step into a piece of St. Louis history at 5911 De Giverville Ave, a distinguished single-family residence originally constructed in 1914. This property offers a unique opportunity to embrace a lifestyle where classic charm meets modern aspirations, creating an inviting atmosphere for daily living and entertaining. This lovely property has 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths, and is within walking distance of Washington University, Forest Park, and the popular Delmar Loop. The charming front porch welcomes you into this home. The entry foyer leads to the Living Room with beautiful millwork and stained-glass windows. The large Dining Room is perfect for entertaining and relaxing with the wood ceiling beams and period lights. The kitchen has lots of counter space, storage, and stainless steel appliances. The back porch opens to the backyard and the one-car garage. Upstairs is the Primary Suite with ample closet space and an en-suite that is a real retreat: a shower, double sinks, and a soaking tub. Two additional bedrooms and another full bath complete the upstairs. Zoned heating and cooling, newer roof (2023), water line was replaced in 2023, roughed-in bath in the basement, and washer/dryer to stay. Choice Home Warranty in place. Home has an approved St. Louis City Occupancy Inspection. Make your appointment today!
This all-brick ranch brings the space, inside and out! Offering an impressive 3,088sf of finished living space, 4 bedrooms and 3 full baths, this home pairs classic character with thoughtful updates and a floor plan ready for everyday life! Step inside to a bright, open living area where beautiful hardwood floors, oversized windows and a fireplace create a warm and welcoming first impression. The updated kitchen keeps things fresh with white cabinetry, granite countertops, tile backsplash, stainless steel appliances and plenty of storage. With 1,544 sq ft on the main level, there’s room to spread out without sacrificing the ease of ranch-style living. Downstairs, the finished lower level nearly doubles your usable space with an expansive recreation area, additional finished room and full bath. Room for guests, home office, game room, home gym or whatever life calls for next. Outside may be one of the biggest surprises! A covered patio overlooks the spacious, tree-lined backyard, offering plenty of room for summer get-togethers, pets, gardening or simply enjoying your own outdoor space. An oversized detached 2-car garage adds even more versatility. Located on historic West Cabanne Place, part of an area designated a historic district in 1980, this home offers a distinctive St. Louis setting with convenient access to Forest Park, the Central West End, Washington University, the Delmar Loop and so much more! With more than 3,000 finished square feet, a sprawling lot and a location rich in St. Louis history, this is city living with space you simply don’t expect to find!
Price Reduced! Fantastic 2-bedroom condo with secured parking, just minutes from everything the city offers. Fall in love with this quiet, secluded 1st-floor unit with private deck, brand-new HVAC, fresh paint, freshly glazed tub with ceramic tile surround and tile floor. Living area features a spacious open layout, in-unit laundry, and abundant natural light. Kitchen features granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, and 42" cabinets. Both bedrooms have plenty of closet space. Located at the rear of the building for easy access to the secured lot, with assigned parking just steps away. Basement provides a large private storage cage. Reasonable HOA fees; building roof replaced last year. Just 1 block from the Loop Trolley Station & minutes from Forest Park & Washington University. Residents eligible for Waterman Pool membership. Located in WashU/BJC "Live Near Your Work" area. Qualified buyers can receive up to $12,500 in down payment & closing cost assistance.
Stunning 7 bedroom, 4 bathroom home with aprox 3,224sf on 2.5 stories on approx 0.36 acres +/-. This magnificent home is nicely updated with most everything updated with fine quality materials and craftsmanship. Special features include: newly installed flooring throughout, neutral painting, updated kitchen, bathrooms, lighting, fans, doors...the list goes on. Inside, you’ll find a beautifully updated interior featuring all-new flooring, a fully redesigned kitchen, and stylishly upgraded bathrooms with contemporary fixtures. The spacious layout provides flexibility for living, working, and entertaining, while preserving the home’s original architectural appeal. Situated on a rare double lot. A private deck off the back creates the perfect spot for relaxing or entertaining, and off-street parking adds everyday convenience. The Basement area is framed and ready for even more living space. This is a unique opportunity to own a fully renovated historic home with exceptional space, modern upgrades, and urban accessibility. Located blocks from the Delmar Loop entertainment district, St Louis Art Museum and Zoo within 5 miles, and Washington University 2 miles. Must See Home.
Circa 1914: Sought after Historic DeBaliviere Place neighborhood - ground Level/end unit 2 Bedroom 1 Bath Condo. ...Sooo Close to Metrolink, Forest Park (Zoo, Muny, MO History & Art Museum), U-City Loop, Washington University, CWE Shops & Restaurants!! Spacious open floor plan with beautiful hardwood floors in Living/Dining Room & Kitchen. Kitchen offers ample cabinets and handsome granite counter tops along with stainless steel appliances. **Private "in-unit" laundry w/stackable Washer/Dryer included. **Gated parking with 2 Parking Spaces.** Basement storage locker & extra storage area.** Awesome Neighborhood pool located right next door (membership fee required).** Great opportunity for Washington University/BJC Students & Employees! Check out the Live Near Your Work program for possible grant assistance. Quick access up Forest Park Parkway to Clayton and down to SLU and Midtown.

Saint Louis is located in Missouri. Saint Louis, Missouri 63112has a population of 302,787. Saint Louis 63112 is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 17.26% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 20.71%.
The median household income in Saint Louis, Missouri 63112 is $48,751. The median household income for the surrounding county is $48,751 compared to the national median of $69,021. The median age of people living in Saint Louis 63112 is 36.3 years.
The average high temperature in July is 88.5 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 22.8 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 42.2 inches per year, with 15.5 inches of snow per year.