Welcome to easy living in the desirable Wistrand Woods development! Built in 2021, this beautifully maintained home offers the perfect blend of modern design, quality construction, and a peaceful setting just minutes south of Traverse City. Enjoy the convenience of a quick commute to shopping, dining, schools, healthcare, and everything the Traverse City area has to offer while coming home to a quiet neighborhood surrounded by nature. Inside, you'll love the bright, open-concept floor plan that seamlessly connects the kitchen, dining, and living areas—ideal for entertaining or everyday living. The kitchen features quality appliances, abundant workspace, and a layout that keeps everyone connected. The spacious primary suite offers a private retreat with its own ensuite bathroom, while the thoughtful floor plan provides comfort and functionality throughout. Stay comfortable year-round with efficient in-floor radiant heat, natural gas, cable, and low-maintenance living. Step outside to enjoy the fully fenced backyard featuring a privacy fence and a peaceful wooded backdrop, creating the perfect space for pets, children, gardening, or relaxing around a fire pit after a long day. Whether you're looking for your first home, a place to downsize, or simply want the benefits of newer construction without the wait, this move-in-ready home is an outstanding opportunity in one of the Traverse City area's growing neighborhoods. Don't miss your chance to enjoy modern comfort, privacy, and an unbeatable location!
A five bedroom home nestled in the highly sought-after Logan Hills community on Old Mission Peninsula, this beautifully maintained mid century Craftsman-style walkout ranch offers privacy, comfort, and convenience just minutes from downtown Traverse City, Bryant Park, Pelazzari Natural Park, Traverse City Eastern Elementary and Traverse City Central High School. Set on a peaceful wooded lot, this spacious home features over 3,274 square feet of living space with 5 bedrooms and 2.5 baths, providing plenty of room for family, guests, remote work, or hobbies. The welcoming foyer leads into a warm and inviting living room with vaulted ceilings, exposed beams, expansive windows, and a remote-controlled gas fireplace that creates the perfect gathering space year-round. The thoughtfully designed kitchen offers custom cherry cabinetry with roll-outs, granite countertops, abundant storage, and a seamless flow into the dining area—ideal for everyday living and entertaining alike. Step outside onto the elevated deck and enjoy the tranquility of the surrounding woods, offering exceptional privacy and natural beauty. The main-floor primary suite provides a relaxing retreat with a walk-in closet and spacious bath, while convenient main-floor laundry enhances everyday functionality. The finished walkout lower level expands the living space with additional bedrooms, a full bath, and a generous family/recreation area with direct access to the outdoors. Additional highlights include electrical hookup for a generator, hot tub connection, multiple walkout access points, low-maintenance landscaping with seasonal color, and an attached garage. Surrounded by mature hardwoods and pines, this property offers the serenity of Peninsula living while remaining just a short drive from Traverse City's restaurants, shopping, wineries, beaches, and recreation. A rare opportunity to enjoy space, privacy, and quality craftsmanship in one of Old Mission Peninsula's most desirable neighborhoods.
Recently updated, this home combines modern finishes with comfortable living in a quiet, wooded neighborhood. Vaulted ceilings & a stone fireplace create a warm, welcoming living room filled with natural light. The open layout flows into the dining area & kitchen, featuring generous cabinet space, a spacious center island with bar seating, & solid surface countertops. Glass doors open to the expansive deck, extending the main-level living space outdoors. The primary suite offers a private bath with a soaking tub & walk-in shower, while two additional bedrooms share a full bath, providing flexibility for family, guests, or a home office. The walkout lower level adds even more living space with a recreation room or fourth bedroom, sauna, half bath, & additional storage. Step outside to the lower patio with a firepit & plenty of room for grilling, relaxing, or entertaining. Move-in ready, this home offers a peaceful setting just minutes from downtown Traverse City, Grand Traverse Bay, Munson Medical Center, shopping, dining, the TART Trail, & year-round recreation.
Fully renovated to the studs in 2022, this end unit luxury ranch condo offers modern design, high end finishes, and direct Boardman River frontage. The open concept living area features vaulted ceilings with reclaimed wood beams, a shiplap accent wall, and a premium wall mounted electric fireplace. Nine foot ceilings extend throughout the rest of the home. The kitchen includes stainless steel appliances, marble countertops, two tone soft close cabinetry, and gold hardware and fixtures. Both bathrooms offer floating vanities with solid surface counters, gold fixtures, and anti fog lighted mirrors. The primary suite includes a custom tiled shower and sliding barn door entry. Spacious bedrooms provide river views. Sliding doors off the living room lead to a private patio overlooking shared Boardman River frontage—ideal for launching a kayak or paddleboard for a relaxing day on the river. Additional updates include a new roof, new electrical and plumbing, newer exterior doors and windows, on demand water heater, central air, lighted covered entry, and a carport with extra parking. The location is unbeatable: walk to downtown Traverse City’s dining, shopping, festivals, and waterfront attractions.
Welcome to your Up North escape or your brand-new investment property! And if you are looking for a hybrid, 319 offers you the ability to have your Up North escape and get it paid for with rental income while you are not using it. Trailside 319 is a corner unit with city views. The condo is close to great food spots like Common Good Bakery, Rounds and Oakwood Proper Burgers but is also an easy drive or bike ride down the Tart Trail directly into Downtown and the beaches that line it. No matter what you are looking for, 319 is a great unit in a centrally located building and comes turn key. Look no further. Close, get the keys, and unlock the income that comes with owning 319.
Never before offered, this cherished Long Lake estate presents a rare opportunity to own one of Traverse City's most private and treasured waterfront properties. Nestled on more than 2 wooded acres with 115 feet of crystal-clear private frontage, the home is tucked beneath mature hardwoods at the end of a private drive, creating a setting that feels worlds away while remaining just minutes from downtown. Thoughtfully designed with expansive gathering spaces that flow effortlessly to the lakeside, the home captures breathtaking water views and invites year-round entertaining, quiet mornings, and unforgettable summer evenings. Two detached garages offering a combined seven stalls provide exceptional space for vehicles, boats, recreational equipment, hobbies, or workshop needs. Whether envisioned as a cherished family home for generations to come, properties that offer this level of privacy, timeless character, abundant storage, and a premier Long Lake setting rarely become available.
Recently updated, this home combines modern finishes with comfortable living in a quiet, wooded neighborhood. Vaulted ceilings & a stone fireplace create a warm, welcoming living room filled with natural light. The open layout flows into the dining area & kitchen, featuring generous cabinet space, a spacious center island with bar seating, & solid surface countertops. Glass doors open to the expansive deck, extending the main-level living space outdoors. The primary suite offers a private bath with a soaking tub & walk-in shower, while two additional bedrooms share a full bath, providing flexibility for family, guests, or a home office. The walkout lower level adds even more living space with a recreation room or fourth bedroom, sauna, half bath, & additional storage. Step outside to the lower patio with a firepit & plenty of room for grilling, relaxing, or entertaining. Move-in ready, this home offers a peaceful setting just minutes from downtown Traverse City, Grand Traverse Bay, Munson Medical Center, shopping, dining, the TART Trail, & year-round recreation.
Welcome home to this well-maintained ranch home offering comfortable main-level living in a desirable Traverse City location. Situated in Beacon Hills Estate and offering 68 feet of shared water frontage on Silver Lake, residents can enjoy the beauty and recreation of lake access plus the Silver Lake Recreation Area. The inviting floor plan features two bedrooms and two full bathrooms on the main level, along with a spacious living room, kitchen, and convenient main-floor laundry room. The partially finished walkout lower level provides an Anderson slider with more additional living space with endless possibilities for a family room, home office, hobby area, or future expansion. This solid and thoughtfully designed home has been lovingly cared for with a functional layout, comfortable spaces, and great potential. Outside, enjoy the generously sized backyard offering plenty of room for gardening, entertaining, pets, or simply relaxing outdoors. The oversized 2 car garage provides abundant space for vehicles, storage, recreational equipment, or a workshop area. Nearby, Silver Lake Recreation Area offers 84 acres of outdoor enjoyment featuring tennis and basketball courts, picnic areas, pavilions, a large playground and scenic walking trails. Whether you’re looking for your first home, a place to downsize, or a nice large lot to spread out, you have it all here.
Courtesy: @properties Christie's Int'l
Tia Rieck
Construction has started! Introducing Bella Vita @302, an exceptional luxury condominium development in downtown Traverse City. This listing is the 4th floor north facing unit. This architecturally striking 8-residential unit mass timber building blends warm modern design with the natural beauty of Northern Michigan, creating a one-of-a-kind experience. The first floor will feature a neighborhood wine bar operated by a beloved local vintner, adding charm and convenience. Each thoughtfully designed residence will offer 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, premium finishes, Wolf/Sub-Zero appliances and both indoor and outdoor fireplaces for year-round enjoyment. Residences on the third, fourth, and fifth floors will showcase beautiful views of West Bay, while the north-facing units overlook the scenic Boardman River. Exclusive 2 top-floor penthouses will feature private rooftop decks with 180-degree panoramic views of West Bay. The warm modern architecture combines exposed mass timber with a crisp, light-filled contemporary aesthetic, capturing the rustic character of Northern Michigan while delivering sophisticated urban living. Situated directly along the Boardman River, residents will enjoy the opportunity for kayak and stand-up paddle board access to West Bay. Included on-site parking provides added convenience in this premier downtown location. Construction is managed by Cunningham-Limp, a nationally recognized construction management firm known for delivering high-quality projects. Perfectly positioned in one of Traverse City's fastest-growing districts, Bella Vita @302 embodies its name by offering a truly beautiful life, offering an unmatched downtown lifestyle. The TART Trail is just moments away for outdoor recreation, while nearby public beaches along West Grand Traverse Bay offer endless opportunities for swimming, relaxing along the shoreline, and taking in spectacular bay views. Bella Vita @302 is a rare opportunity to own a premier residence in Traverse City.
Courtesy: The Mitten Real Estate Group
Sam Flamont
231-633-8326
Welcome to your Up North escape or your brand-new investment property! And if you are looking for a hybrid, 319 offers you the ability to have your Up North escape and get it paid for with rental income while you are not using it. Trailside 319 is a corner unit with city views. The condo is close to great food spots like Common Good Bakery, Rounds and Oakwood Proper Burgers but is also an easy drive or bike ride down the Tart Trail directly into Downtown and the beaches that line it. No matter what you are looking for, 319 is a great unit in a centrally located building and comes turn key. Look no further. Close, get the keys, and unlock the income that comes with owning 319.
Nestled on a wooded lot with shared Spider Lake access, this well-maintained, move-in-ready home offers the perfect blend of comfort and natural beauty. Featuring 3 bedrooms, 2 full baths, and a 2-car garage, the home welcomes you with a charming covered front porch. Inside, you'll find a spacious kitchen with tile flooring, an open dining area with a sliding glass door leading to the rear deck, and a cozy living room highlighted by a natural fireplace. The private primary suite is conveniently located on the main level and includes its own en-suite bath. Step outside to enjoy the beautifully landscaped, fenced backyard, complete with a tranquil water feature and frequent visits from local wildlife. The unfinished lower level is already plumbed for an additional bathroom, offering excellent potential for future expansion. Enjoy peaceful living in a beautiful natural setting, with the added benefit of shared access to Spider Lake.
Welcome to modern luxury at 1026 Centre St., a newly constructed townhome (completed in 2025) that blends high-end finishes with close proximity to everything Traverse City has to offer. The expansive, open-concept main floor is designed for seamless living and entertaining. The kitchen boasts premium quartz countertops that flow throughout the home, paired with a layout that keeps you connected to the living space. A convenient half-bath is also located on this level. Upstairs, you'll find dual primary suites. Both spacious bedrooms feature private en-suite bathrooms with quartz finishes, offering the ultimate retreat. A dedicated in-unit laundry room adds everyday convenience to the top floor. Outdoor living is easy with two private balconies, perfect for relaxing after a day on the bay. The attached garage provides secure parking plus extra storage space for your northern Michigan gear. Whether you want a low-maintenance home or a luxurious getaway, this turn-key townhome delivers style just minutes from downtown beaches, dining, and wineries.
Fresh to the market, this exceptional home in the highly desirable Windmill Farms neighborhood offers the perfect combination of space, comfort, and convenience. Ideally located just minutes from downtown, top-rated schools, golf courses, shopping, and dining, this beautifully maintained home sits proudly atop a hill on a spacious corner lot of more than an acre. Designed with both everyday living and entertaining in mind, the main level features an open-concept kitchen and dining area accented by stunning custom built-in cabinetry. Two inviting living spaces provide flexibility for gatherings or quiet evenings at home, while a dedicated office and convenient half bath complete the main floor. Upstairs, you'll find two generously sized guest bedrooms and a full bath, along with an impressive primary suite featuring a large walk-in closet, second-floor laundry, and a luxurious ensuite bath complete with a jetted soaking tub and tiled walk-in shower. The recently finished lower level expands the living space with a large family room perfect for movie nights or gaming, an additional bedroom, a workout room, and abundant storage. Car enthusiasts and EV owners will appreciate the oversized three-car garage equipped with a new Level 2 EV charger. Outside, beautifully landscaped grounds with a full irrigation system surround the home, while the cozy back deck provides the perfect setting for relaxing evenings under the stars. Surrounded by other quality homes in one of the area's most sought-after neighborhoods, this move-in-ready property truly has it all. Schedule your private showing today—this is one you won't want to miss!
Fully renovated to the studs in 2022, this end unit luxury ranch condo offers modern design, high end finishes, and direct Boardman River frontage. The open concept living area features vaulted ceilings with reclaimed wood beams, a shiplap accent wall, and a premium wall mounted electric fireplace. Nine foot ceilings extend throughout the rest of the home. The kitchen includes stainless steel appliances, marble countertops, two tone soft close cabinetry, and gold hardware and fixtures. Both bathrooms offer floating vanities with solid surface counters, gold fixtures, and anti fog lighted mirrors. The primary suite includes a custom tiled shower and sliding barn door entry. Spacious bedrooms provide river views. Sliding doors off the living room lead to a private patio overlooking shared Boardman River frontage—ideal for launching a kayak or paddleboard for a relaxing day on the river. Additional updates include a new roof, new electrical and plumbing, newer exterior doors and windows, on demand water heater, central air, lighted covered entry, and a carport with extra parking. The location is unbeatable: walk to downtown Traverse City’s dining, shopping, festivals, and waterfront attractions.
Investment Opportunity: Zoning allows for a duplex and a granny flat for a max of 3 units! Great Mid-Century bones and a huge .38 acre double lot. The best school district, this is your chance to be in Eastern Elementary for under $300,000.00 and be close to town! Career Tech Center (CTC) is right across the street. TART Trail is visible from the front door. Mature oak trees flank the driveway and anchor the backyard, making it feel like a zen botanical garden. 3 bedrooms, 1 bath, full basement, attached 1-car garage, foundation area 1,131 sqft. Sold as-is, incredible equity opportunity, must see!
Welcome to your Up North escape or your brand-new investment property! And if you are looking for a hybrid, 319 offers you the ability to have your Up North escape and get it paid for with rental income while you are not using it. Trailside 319 is a corner unit with city views. The condo is close to great food spots like Common Good Bakery, Rounds and Oakwood Proper Burgers but is also an easy drive or bike ride down the Tart Trail directly into Downtown and the beaches that line it. No matter what you are looking for, 319 is a great unit in a centrally located building and comes turn key. Look no further. Close, get the keys, and unlock the income that comes with owning 319.
Courtesy: Greenridge Realty (Summit)
616-365-8900
Affordable Traverse City Ranch 4-bedroom 2 bath Living Room, Kitchen all appliances included Sliders to a deck off Dining area, to spacious yard, Full basement with Rec Room and Laundry/utility room, central air. 1 stall attached Garage set Up for Generator hook up, 8x 10 shed, excellent opportunity Possession at Close.
Welcome home to this beautifully maintained two-story residence, proudly offered by its original owner. Designed for both comfort and functionality, this spacious home features a desirable main-floor primary suite, three bedrooms, 2 full baths & 2 half baths. The inviting covered front porch creates a warm welcoming entrance, while the private back deck overlooks a landscaped terraced yard surrounded by a variety of trees, & a tranquil garden pond. The sloping side yard is enhanced with colorful perennial gardens that provide beauty throughout the seasons. Inside, the bright kitchen offers stainless steel appliances, an eat-in dining area, and a center island. The open loft provides flexible living space for a family room, home office, or reading retreat. The finished lower level offers exceptional versatility with a built-in wet bar, dedicated craft room, workshop, and abundant storage. Additional features include a two-car attached garage and generous storage throughout the home, making everyday living both convenient and organized.
Construction has started! Introducing Bella Vita @302, an exceptional luxury condominium development in downtown Traverse City. This listing is the 4th floor north facing unit. This architecturally striking 8-residential unit mass timber building blends warm modern design with the natural beauty of Northern Michigan, creating a one-of-a-kind experience. The first floor will feature a neighborhood wine bar operated by a beloved local vintner, adding charm and convenience. Each thoughtfully designed residence will offer 3 bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, premium finishes, Wolf/Sub-Zero appliances and both indoor and outdoor fireplaces for year-round enjoyment. Residences on the third, fourth, and fifth floors will showcase beautiful views of West Bay, while the north-facing units overlook the scenic Boardman River. Exclusive 2 top-floor penthouses will feature private rooftop decks with 180-degree panoramic views of West Bay. The warm modern architecture combines exposed mass timber with a crisp, light-filled contemporary aesthetic, capturing the rustic character of Northern Michigan while delivering sophisticated urban living. Situated directly along the Boardman River, residents will enjoy the opportunity for kayak and stand-up paddle board access to West Bay. Included on-site parking provides added convenience in this premier downtown location. Construction is managed by Cunningham-Limp, a nationally recognized construction management firm known for delivering high-quality projects. Perfectly positioned in one of Traverse City's fastest-growing districts, Bella Vita @302 embodies its name by offering a truly beautiful life, offering an unmatched downtown lifestyle. The TART Trail is just moments away for outdoor recreation, while nearby public beaches along West Grand Traverse Bay offer endless opportunities for swimming, relaxing along the shoreline, and taking in spectacular bay views. Bella Vita @302 is a rare opportunity to own a premier residence in Traverse City.
Never before offered, this cherished Long Lake estate presents a rare opportunity to own one of Traverse City's most private and treasured waterfront properties. Nestled on more than 2 wooded acres with 115 feet of crystal-clear private frontage, the home is tucked beneath mature hardwoods at the end of a private drive, creating a setting that feels worlds away while remaining just minutes from downtown. Thoughtfully designed with expansive gathering spaces that flow effortlessly to the lakeside, the home captures breathtaking water views and invites year-round entertaining, quiet mornings, and unforgettable summer evenings. Two detached garages offering a combined seven stalls provide exceptional space for vehicles, boats, recreational equipment, hobbies, or workshop needs. Whether envisioned as a cherished family home for generations to come, properties that offer this level of privacy, timeless character, abundant storage, and a premier Long Lake setting rarely become available.
AMAZING VALUE! New Ranch COMPLETION IN December! Come see all the bells and whistles! Featuring vaulted ceilings, one floor living, energy star rated furnace and central air, Andersen windows, city water and sewer, private primary suite with custom tiled shower and walk in closet. Another full bath with Granite vanity serves the other two main floor bedrooms. Well appointed kitchen with White Shaker soft-close cabinetry, tile backsplash, luxury vinyl flooring throughout, stainless steel dishwasher, microwave, and garbage disposal, Granite counters and island. Designer light package, First floor laundry, full basement with premium insulated concrete panels, and egress window, 24 x 24 two car garage. Gutters, irrigation and hydro-seeding included! This is a walkable community with private parks and sidewalks. Great front porch ! Pictures are of previously built exact home. Pictures will be updated as construction progresses. You may write an offer now and have 7 days to inspect when complete.
Introducing an exceptional custom residence by Rembrandt Construction, where timeless design, impeccable craftsmanship, and curated finishes define every space. Scheduled for completion in October 2026, this stunning new home offers 3,835 square feet of luxury living with 4 bedrooms, a dedicated office, 4.5 baths, and a finished walk-out lower level designed for both everyday comfort and effortless entertaining. Thoughtfully designed with the finest materials, the home features rich hardwood flooring, premium Andersen windows, Cambria quartz countertops, custom cabinetry, and professional-grade Café appliances. The open-concept floor plan is filled with natural light, while the spa-inspired primary suite, beautifully appointed guest accommodations, and exceptional architectural details reflect Rembrandt Construction's commitment to enduring quality and refined craftsmanship. Located in Vineyard Ridge, one of Traverse City's premier luxury communities at the base of the Old Mission Peninsula, this home offers an exceptional lifestyle just minutes from downtown, area beaches, award-winning wineries, dining, shopping, and marinas. Residents enjoy resort-style amenities including a community pool, outdoor spa, grilling stations, and a fire pit lounge, while the nearby Pelizzari Natural Area provides peaceful wooded trails for walking and recreation. Built by one of Northern Michigan's most respected custom builders, this home showcases meticulous attention to detail, timeless architecture, and luxury finishes throughout. With an anticipated October 2026 completion, there is still time to make this exceptional new residence your own. Experience refined living where extraordinary craftsmanship, an unbeatable location, and thoughtfully designed amenities come together to create a truly remarkable place to call home.
Welcome home to this charming and versatile 2-3 bedroom home, perfectly situated on the north side of Eighth Street, placing it in the Eastern Elementary School district. The standout feature is the incredible 274-foot-deep, private backyard. Fully fenced and offering endless possibilities, there's plenty of room to build your dream garage, create an amazing outdoor entertaining space, or—with the appropriate zoning approvals—even explore splitting the lot to build a second home. Opportunities like this are hard to find. Inside, you'll appreciate the convenience of main-floor living with one bedroom on the main floor and the second bedroom upstairs. In addition there is a bonus space that could serve as a third bedroom, home office, playroom, or hobby space. The spacious mudroom offers even more versatility and could become the perfect office, drop zone, or additional living area to fit your lifestyle. The kitchen features concrete countertops, while newer vinyl windows help reduce outside noise and improve energy efficiency. Low-maintenance vinyl siding makes exterior upkeep a breeze. Step outside to enjoy the oversized backyard complete with a storage shed for your bikes, beach gear, lawn equipment, and all your outdoor toys. Location is everything, and this home delivers. Walk to the beach, grab groceries just out your back door, or stop by Potter's for fresh cookies. Whether you're looking for your first home, a vacation getaway, or a property with future investment potential, this one offers exceptional flexibility, convenience, and room to grow. Don't miss your chance to own one of the deepest lots around with endless possibilities!
Welcome home to this beautifully updated ranch nestled on nearly a half-acre in desirable Long Lake Township, just minutes from downtown Traverse City. Thoughtfully renovated and meticulously maintained, this move-in-ready home offers the perfect blend of comfort, convenience, and room to grow. Inside, you'll find a bright eat-in kitchen, an inviting living room with lots of natural light, and an updated full bath. Three main-level bedrooms provide functional living, while the lower level adds valuable flex space for future living area, with a finished office or hobby room, plus abundant storage, laundry, and a workshop area. Step outside and enjoy a spacious backyard designed for Northern Michigan living—ideal for entertaining, gardening, relaxing around the fire pit, or simply enjoying the peaceful surroundings. Located just 15 minutes from downtown Traverse City, you'll enjoy quick access to shopping, restaurants, Long Lake, area beaches, parks, and miles of recreational trails while still appreciating the privacy and tranquility of country living. Whether you're searching for your first home, a year-round residence, or an investment in one of Northern Michigan's most desirable locations, this property delivers exceptional value and move-in-ready appeal.
Welcome home! Nestled in a highly desirable, established subdivision framed by gorgeous mature trees, this charming 3-bedroom, 2.5-bathroom home offers the ultimate Northern Michigan lifestyle. Enjoy an unbeatable location that puts you just minutes from town, with the added financial perk of no downtown Traverse City taxes! Outdoor living is a dream here, featuring two covered porches—one on the front to chat and socialize with neighbors, and a private rear covered porch where you can unwind in quiet solitude while gazing out at picturesque countryside views. Step inside to a functional layout featuring spacious living areas, updated kitchen and three comfortable bedrooms. Additional highlights include a convenient 2-car attached garage and an incredible location that makes getting to either side of town a breeze. Don't miss out on this rare blend of convenience, nature, and value!
Traverse City is located in Michigan. Traverse City, Michigan has a population of 15,263. Traverse City is less family-centric than the surrounding county with 25.98% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 26.67%.
The median household income in Traverse City, Michigan is $64,033. The median household income for the surrounding county is $69,393 compared to the national median of $69,021. The median age of people living in Traverse City is 40.4 years.
The average high temperature in July is 79.9 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 15.6 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 32.6 inches per year, with 117.6 inches of snow per year.
