**Open House: Saturday 12/13 from 12 PM ââ?¬â?? 2 PM** Welcome home to 27316 Victoria in Novi's desirable Knightsbridge Gate neighborhood. You will love the abundance of natural light that fills every corner of this home. Upon entering, the living room opens seamlessly to the dining room, offering plenty of space for entertaining. The newly updated, spacious kitchen features crisp white cabinetry, high-end Cafe' brand appliances, an island with a beautiful pop of color, tile backsplash, a walk-in pantry, and a cozy breakfast nook with a bay window and door wall leading to the patio. The kitchen flows into the warm and inviting family room, complete with a gas fireplace. A large mudroom off the garage provides exceptional storage, including a walk-in closet and a convenient utility sink. Upstairs, the expansive primary suite includes a recently remodeled en-suite bathroom with plenty of counter and cabinet space and a beautifully oversized tiled shower. A second-floor laundry room adds everyday convenience. Three additional spacious bedrooms with generous closets and a loft area complete the upper level. Outside, you'll find attractive stamped concrete along the driveway and walkway leading to the front door. Enjoy the community amenities as well - including a beautiful pool! This meticulously maintained home won't last long!
Welcome to your dream home located at 51109 Mayfair Ter. The living room sets a welcoming tone, enhanced by fresh interior paint that feels crisp and current, creating a comfortable place to unwind. The kitchen is truly the heart of the home, offering a generous island, an eye-catching accent backsplash, and included stainless steel appliances for effortless cooking and everyday ease. The bedrooms provide a serene retreat, with the primary suite elevated by a spacious walk-in closet that keeps life beautifully organized. The bathrooms continue the clean, updated vibe, ready for both quick mornings and unhurried evenings. Outside, enjoy effortless indoor-outdoor flow to a back deck and covered patio set within the yard - ideal for open-air meals, casual gatherings, or a quiet moment under the sky. Buyer/agent advised to verify homestead vs non homestead tax status with a tax professional. Included 100-Day Home Warranty with buyer activation
2022 Built, End Unit, Ranch Condo in the Villas at Stonebrook. 2 Bedrooms, 2 Baths, Library & 4 Seasons/Sun Room. 42" White Kitchen Cabinets, Soft-Close Doors & Drawers, White Tile Backsplash, Snack Bar Island w/Quartz Counters Throughout. Premium Stainless Steel Appliance Package with Vented Exhaust Fan. 9' Ceilings with Extensive use of Recessed LED Lighting & Luxury Plank Hardwood Flooring. Vaulted Ceilings in Great Room, Gas Fireplace. Primary Bath has Generous Size Custom Shower w/Euro Doors, Double Sinks, Vanity Lighting, Walk-In-Closet, Separate Commode. Special Features: Custom Window Treatments, Closet Organizers, High Efficiency Furnace, Storm Doors, Concrete Patio w/Premium Coating. Great Location. Close to Expressways, Shopping, Dining, Hospital, Schools, Parks etc. Act Fast, Won't Last!
Impressive North-Facing 5 Bedroom, 4 Bath Home Backs to Woods This stunning, 4,777 sq. ft. home offers the perfect blend of luxury, comfort, and function. Enjoy a desirable wooded backdrop and a thoughtful layout featuring an oversized first-floor primary suite with a spacious walk-in closet and a relaxing bath complete with a soaking tub. The beautifully updated 2-year-old kitchen showcases a 10-ft center island, stainless steel appliances, a walk-in pantry, and an adjoining bay-window breakfast nook. A sitting room off the kitchen impresses with cathedral ceilings and a cozy gas fireplace. Hardwood flooring runs throughout the main level, which also includes a formal dining room and a large den. The great room features an additional gas fireplace, providing a warm gathering space. The finished walkout lower level expands your living and entertaining space with a full kitchen, media room, game room, bedroom, full bath, and an oversized storage area. Outdoor enjoyment is elevated with a large Trex deck overlooking the private wooded view. Additional updates include a new A/C unit (June 2025) and fresh first-floor paint (November 2025). BATVAI
Courtesy: Real Estate One-W Blmfld
Dennis Scheinfield
Enjoy Island Lake from every level of this stunning home! Designed for both entertaining and everyday living, this residence offers a bright, open floor plan with breathtaking views throughout. The first-floor primary suite features vaulted ceilings, an updated private bath (2024), and a large walk-in closet. A convenient first-floor laundry adds to the ease of living. The two-story Great Room boasts abundant natural light and French doors leading to a spacious deck overlooking the lake. The beautiful kitchen includes granite countertops, a newer refrigerator (2023), dishwasher (2022), and double ovenâ??perfect for home chefs. Upstairs, a loft area offers picturesque lake views. The large ensuite bedroom includes a coved ceiling and walk-in closet, while another generously sized bedroom with a vaulted ceiling completes the upper level. The finished lower level impresses with high ceilings, a full kitchen, a natural stone gas fireplace, and ample space for a home gym, playroom, or recreation area. French doors open to a brick paver patio and an expansive lawn leading to the water's edge. Enjoy the tranquil 4.5-mile walking path around Island Lake or simply relax and cast a line for some fishing. This home beautifully combines comfort, style, and the serenity of lakeside living.
Nestled in Island Lake of Novi on a quiet court. Lightly lived in Colonial with conservatory. Large lot with plenty of room to play. Two story great room with fireplace and beautiful windows to offer a lot of light. Spacious kitchen offers upgraded 42 inch cabinets, granite countertops and large breakfast nook leading to deck. Private library offers perfect work from home space. Living and dining room are very spacious and offer plenty of room for entertaining. Upstairs primary suite features sitting room area, two walk in closets and spacious bathroom with soaking tub. Bedrooms are all spacious with Jack & Jill suite. Bedroom 4 offers private bath and walk in closet. Island Lake amenities include clubhouse (Boathouse), pickleball courts, tennis courts, volleyball, playgrounds, swimming pool and sprinkler pool. Immediate occupancy.
Novi Schools, Location, 3-Car Garage, 2018 Construction - A Truly Rare Opportunity!!! This spacious 2018 Colonial offers 4 bedrooms and 2.5 bathrooms with a bright, open layout - a rare find in this high-demand Novi School District, especially with a 3-car garage at this price point. A nicely sized formal dining room flows into a flexible butler's pantry/bar/office space. The gourmet kitchen features extensive granite countertops, 42" cabinetry, a large island with seating, stainless steel appliances, and an impressive walk-in pantry. Beautiful hardwood flooring covers most of the first floor, adding to the home's modern feel. A versatile Planning Center/study nook on the main level is perfect for work or homework. Upstairs, you'll find four generously sized bedrooms, all with walk-in closets. A huge second-floor family room provides additional living space, and the convenient huge second-floor laundry simplifies daily routines. The 3-car garage offers extra storage, and the open basement is ready for your finishing touches. Located close to restaurants, shopping, places of worship, and major freeways - this home offers comfort, convenience, and exceptional long-term value in one of Michigan's top school districts.
Courtesy: Max Broock, REALTORS®-Bloomfield Hills
Mike Sher
Turn-key Walden Woods colonial on a premium wooded lot, bordered by trees on two sides for rare privacy and year-round views. Great curb appeal with professional landscaping and welcoming front elevation. Inside, enjoy an open, sun-filled layout with extensive updates and stylish, neutral finishes. The great room features a vaulted ceiling and a fieldstone fireplace, while the formal dining room and first-floor library add flexibility for entertaining or remote work. The chef's kitchen impresses with cherry and bamboo cabinetry, granite counters, stainless-steel built-ins, and a large island with seatingâ??opening to a breakfast area overlooking the backyard. Originally a four-bedroom home, one bedroom was converted into an incredible custom walk-in closet as part of the expanded primary suite, complete with island and built-ins. Easy to convert back if desired. Updated primary bath with granite and jetted tub. The basement offers extra ceiling height, is plumbed for a bath, and ready for finishing. Premium 2022 Trane HVAC system with high-efficiency modulating furnace, muti-speed A/C, and whole-home air cleaner/humidifierâ??top-tier Energy Star comfort and dramatically lower utility costs. Enjoy outdoor living on the spacious multi-level deck with wooded views. Prime location near downtown Novi, Twelve Oaks, and West Oaks with endless shopping, dining, and nightlife. Quick access to major freeways for an easy commute to Ann Arbor, Detroit, and Metro Airport. Award-winning Novi Schools.
Immaculate and Gorgeous Two-Story Home with Finished Basement on 1 Acre in Novi Beautifully situated in the quiet and desirable community of Abbey Hills, this impressive 5BR/3.5BA home offers over 3,600 square feet of refined living space with high-end finishes, upgraded architectural details, and warm, neutral décor throughout. A grand foyer with soaring vaulted ceilings and refinished hardwood floors welcomes you inside, opening to an expansive great room, a sophisticated formal dining room, and a cozy family room filled with natural light and centered around a natural/electric fireplace. The beautifully updated eat-in kitchen serves as the heart of the home, featuring stainless-steel appliances, granite and countertops with stone backsplash and accents, an oversized stone center island, generous cabinetry, and a bright breakfast nook that opens to your private freshly painted deck. The main level also includes a convenient first-floor laundry room and a versatile fifth bedroom that can easily function as a home office or study. Upstairs, the luxurious primary suite offers a vaulted ceiling, a well-organized walk-in closet, and a spa-like en-suite bathroom complete with a soaking tub, dual vanities, and a separate shower overlooking a beautiful, wooded sanctuary. Three additional bedrooms and a full guest bath complete the upper level, providing ample space for family or guests. The finished basement is ideal for entertaining with its built-in wet bar, open to theater room, home gym with large closet storage and an additional room perfect for a quiet office space or flex room. Additionally, lots of storage room available. Outdoors, the home sits on a serene one-acre lot with a private backyard and a spacious deck designed for relaxing, dining, or hosting gatherings. Great location close to award winning Novi schools, shopping, restaurants, hospital, and freeways.
Welcome home to this beautifully maintained 4-bedroom, 2.5-bath colonial in Novi! Lovingly cared for by its original owner for the past 13 years, this residence offers exceptional comfort and several updates throughout. The bright, open layout features newer flooring, updated blinds, and a cozy gas fireplace that anchors the main living space. The spacious kitchen includes newer appliances and flows effortlessly into the dining and family areas--perfect for everyday living or entertaining.Enjoy even more room to spread out with a fully finished basement, ideal for a home theater, gym, or game room. Outside, the home is perfectly situated near shopping, dining, and parks, with quick access to I-96 just 2 miles away for an easy commute.Move-in ready and truly cared for, this home is a must-see!
HOME JUST IN TIME FOR THE HOLIDAYS IN THIS ELEGANT TERRACOTTA-BRICK COLONIAL that offers a RARE OPPORTUNITY to live in the PRESTIGIOUS BROODMOOR PARK SUBDIVISION, known for its beautiful homes, friendly community, and unbeatable location just minutes from expressways, top-rated NOVI schools, shopping at Twelve Oaks Mall, restaurants & parks. Situated on a park-like, private lot with mature landscaping and lush greenery, this home combines classic elegance with modern amenities and exceptional bones (new driveway, new Trex deck, new 2nd story pic windows, new egress window, plus new trim outside & much more), MOVE IN READY. Step into a grand 2-story foyer flooded with west-facing natural light from a wall of upper windows. A soaring ceiling and open-concept layout flow seamlessly from the formal living room (which could also serve as a modern media room) into the family room, featuring a gas fireplace and a dramatic wall of windows. The chef's kitchen boasts updated stainless steel appliances, a walk-in pantry, a gas range, and a "lazy butler" passthrough; perfect for entertaining. Adjacent is a sun-drenched eating area with walk-out access to the low-maintenance and stylish Trex deck, ideal for indoor-outdoor living. Upstairs, a dual staircase leads to a spacious primary suite retreat featuring a spa-like bath with a jetted tub, a private powder room, & a generous walk-in closet. The upper level also includes a princess suite with its own full bath, & a Jack & Jill suite, all connected by a beautiful bridge-style overlook to the family room and foyer below. A secret staircase conveniently connects the upper level to the kitchen. The professionally finished basement is a haven for golf enthusiasts, complete with a custom putting room, a 5th bedroom, a new egress window, a classic sitting/media area, a kitchenette, & plenty of storage. This home screams, "THE BEST BONES IN NOVI!" ________________________________________
LIVE IN LUXURY SUB. IN NOVI. ISLAND LAKE 3 BEDROOM 2 1/2 BATH CONDO FEATURES OPEN FLOOR PLAN. FOYER OPEN TO LIVING ROOM, DINNING ROOM AND FAMILY ROOM. SPACIOUS KITCHEN WITH EATING NOOK AND OPEN TO FAMILY ROOM. MASTER BEDROOM WITH SPACIOUS SITTING AREA, WALK-IN CLOSET, MASTER BATHROOM HAS PLENTY SPACE, WALK-IN SHOWER AND BATHTUB. 2 NICE SIZE GUEST BEDROOM. 2ND FLOOR LAUNDRY. UNFINISHED BASEMENT HAS LOT OF STORAGE. RESORT COMMUNITY OFFERS TENNIS AND PICKLEBALL COURTS, SAND VOLLEYBALL, WALKING AND BIKE TRAIL, A 170-ACRE LAKE, BEACH, OUTDOOR POOL, FITNESS CENTER, ETC. CLOSE TO SHOPPING AND DINNING AREA, HIGHWAY. AWARD NOVI SCHOOL. CURRENT HOA FEE INCLUDES $150 FOR ROOF REPLACEMENT.
RARE MOTHER IN LAW SUITE/FIRST FLOOR PRIMARY WITH A BEVERAGE CENTER, SITTING ROOM, LUXURIOUS BATH, AND LARGE WALK IN CLOSET and 5 additional bedrooms in this Charming brick Colonial in the highly sought after Greenwood Oaks subdivision of Novi. Enjoy 4.1 baths, fresh, neutral decor throughout, with refinished hardwood floors. Remodeled cook's kitchen (2020) features a Bosch 6-burner gas range, quartz countertops, herringbone backsplash tiles, stainless appliances, walk-in pantry, and coffee bar/beverage center opening to casual living and a deck overlooking the backyard. Custom mudroom bench offers load of storage. Upstairs, the oversized primary suite anchors the bedroom level. The finished basement adds a bedroom with egress, a wet bar with dishwasher, family room, workout room, and full bath. Outside, enjoy a deck and patio with fire pit (2020), updated landscaping with great curb appeal, 3-car garage with new carriage doors(2021), overhead storage, and epoxy floor. Additional updates include 2 furnaces (2023), water heater (2023), 2 A/C units (2020), and the 1st-floor suite and chef's kitchen (2020). Update galore - All in acclaimed Novi schools, close to Villa Barr Art Park, Lakeshore Beach, Jessica's Splash Pad, and so much more. BATVAI
Courtesy: Preferred, Realtors® Ltd
Yvonne Marks
Welcome home to this charming 3 bedroom, 2 bath ranch nestled in a great Novi neighborhood. Ideal for investors or renovators looking to add value. An excellent opportunity for those looking to customize and create their dream home. New roof December 2025! Set on a large 100x120 fenced lot, this home offers the perfect blend of comfort, privacy, and convenience. Located just minutes from top-rated Novi schools, parks, restaurants, shopping and entertainment. Step inside to find a nice, floor plan with spacious living areas, a cozy family room with fireplace, master suite, and kitchen with plenty of cabinet and counter space. Hardwood floors under carpet in all three bedrooms. Enjoy Michigan's four seasons from the beautiful backyard with covered deck â?? great for pets, play, or entertaining. Attached 2 car garage. Home sold "AS-IS".
Welcome to your stunning 3-bedroom, 3-bath luxury home on Luke Lane! Step inside through the charming foyer into an open and inviting floor plan designed for modern living. The main floor offers a versatile office/flex room - perfect for work or play. Upstairs, a spacious bonus loft provides additional room to relax or entertain alongside the bedrooms. Enjoy the brand-new, oversized back patio - ideal for summer gatherings or peaceful evenings in your hammock. The home backs to a serene common area, offering extra outdoor space without the maintenance! Plus, the community pool is just a short stroll away. Radon mitigation system (2023), giving you peace of mind and enhanced home safety. Located in a highly desirable subdivision, this home combines comfort, convenience, and style - don't miss this exceptional opportunity!
Great area of Novi, 10 Mile and Taft! Large corner lot! Beautiful laminate wood flooring on main floor. Kitchen has tiled flooring with a good sized eating area.Main floor laundry! All appliances stay. UPDATED furnace and water heater. Fiber internet! Close to schools and library.
IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY! - MODEL HOME FOR SALE! Newly Designed Ranch Home by Cambridge Homes, Inc.. Must see this modern prairie home at Terra, the award winning gated ranch home community in Novi all in the styles inspired by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. This ranch home has a wide open floor plan with raised ceilings in multiple areas with upgrades all included in price such as 3+ car garage covered Lanai and many other designer features. Landscaping which includes sprinklers, sod, trees and shrubs, landscape lighting and lighted address are included in all homes at Terra. The Lower Level has 9' poured concrete walls, 2 egress windows for future bedrooms, transom windows for additional light, prep for future full bathroom and plumbing for future bar. Terra is surrounded by 300 hundred acres of protect woodlands which offers the feeling of living up north but with all the conveniences of nearby entertainment, shopping, dining, walking, bicycling and jogging trails. Terra is walking distance to Maybury State Park. NEW HOME WARRANTY!
This stunning Everett model, built in 2016, is the subdivision's largest and most sought-after floor plan - backing to a serene nature preserve for complete privacy. Move-in ready and beautifully maintained, this home offers an open-concept layout designed for modern living. The gourmet kitchen is a dream - granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, vented hood, hardwood floors, and an oversized breakfast room that opens right out to the backyard. The family room with a cozy fireplace flows seamlessly into the gathering room and planning center, while a versatile flex space makes the perfect home office, study, or library. Upstairs, the luxurious primary suite boasts a tray ceiling, dual walk-in closets, and a spa-like bath with granite counters, soaking tub, and separate shower. Secondary bedrooms include a Jack-and-Jill bath with granite, plus an additional loft that functions perfectly as a second family room. Convenient second-floor laundry. Additional highlights: central air, 2-car garage, deep basement prepped for a future bath, and subdivision amenities with parks and sidewalks. Easy access to major freeways, Twelve Oaks Mall, shopping, and entertainment. Award-winning Novi Schools! This home truly has it all - privacy, space, style, and a location that checks every box.
This stately and elegant Condo is well located within this beautiful development. A newer front door welcomes you to a home with multiple tasteful improvements. this includes new doors throughout. The spacious and sunny Living Room has an elegant new gas fireplace including a new hearth a crown molding in 2024. A Doorwall leads to a fenced concrete patio.The freshly painted Dinning Room could also be used and an extension of the Living Room. The well designed Kitchen has quality new cabinets, a pantry, wide plank flooring, Quartz counter and an extra wide snack bar. Leading to the second floor the stair case ha new quality iron railings with beautiful wood accents. The Primary Bedroom has double entrance doors and both a large walk in closet as well as a second closet. The Primary bath has an updated (2018) walk in shower, vanity and floor tiles. Additionally there are two more bedroom and a full bath on the second level.
J Michael Homes Presents This New Construction Estate on 1.11 Acres. Features Custom Front Doors, Open Floor Plan w/10' Ceilings on 1st Floor. Chefs Kitchen Features Gourmet 2-Sided Waterfall Island, Pendent Lighting, Granite Countertops with Full Backsplash, Step Ceiling, 48" Monogram Range, Pot Filler, SS Insert Hood Vent, 48�Monogram Refrigerator, Monogram Drawer Microwave, & Dishwasher. Solid Wood Soft Close Cabinets w/LED Under Cabinet Lighting. Large Custom Walk-in Pantry & Butlers Area. Hardwood Floors Throughout 1st & 2nd Floors. Nook w/Tons of Natural Light & Door Wall to Private Deck and Yard. Great Room w/Remote Operated Linear Gas Fireplace Featuring Color Select LED Lit Glass, Coffered Ceiling. Library w/Fireplace and Stepped Ceiling. Elegant Dining Room w/Accent Wall & Accent Lighting. Formal Entry & Gallery. Iron Staircase Balusters With Modern Railing. Cathedral Ceiling in Primary Suite, Huge Custom Walk-in Closet, Designer Primary Spa/Bath Features Rain Shower, LED Lit Shower Niche & Under Vanities Lighting, Extensive Custom Tile Work, Solid Free-Stand Soaking Tub and Tub Filler. Three Additional Large Bedrooms with Their Own Full Bath, and Custom Closets. Large Second Floor Laundry Front Load Washer & Gas Dryer. Custom Night Lights Throughout. Finished Walk-out Basement with 9' Ceilings, Showcases Fitness Center, Bar, Eating Area, Family Room, and Full Bathroom. 4 Car Side Entry Garage with MyQ. Separate First & Second Floor High Efficiency Furnaces & A/C Units. Tankless Hot Water Heater. Dimensional Shingles. City Water & Sewers. J Michael Homes Takes Great Pride in the Homes They Build. They Focus On Each Build, As If They Were Building A Home For Their Family. This Is Evident Through The Premium Materials Used, Energy Efficient Products, And Attention To Detail.
Cambridge Homes, award winning custom home builder presents a new home plan to be built on gorgeous 1 acre estate size lot in Novi with Northville Schools. Located on the south side of 9 Mile Road, this walkout site is next to babbling brooke and beautiful nature area. The home will be customized to suit your requirements. Proposed home is 2 story with first floor Primary Suite. Cambridge Homes is the builder with the quality and workmanship that it's CEO Mark Guidobono is well known for in the Novi/Northville area. Photos of interior are from previous home built by Cambridge Homes.
Welcome to this beautifully maintained four-bedroom home in the highly desirable Windridge Subdivision. Offering nearly 3000 square feet of thoughtfully designed living space, this residence features an open floor plan filled with natural light, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere perfect for both everyday living and entertaining. The spacious family room , complete with a cozy fireplace, is ideal for relaxing evenings, while the finished basement provides additional versatility with a third full bathroom and a second kitchen space. Step outside to a fabulous backyard with a gorgeous patio, ideal for hosting gatherings and summer barbeques. New roof in 2014. Located in a community known for its top-rated schools , this home is also conventiently close to highways, dining and shopping, making it the perfect blend of comfort, convenience, and community. Don't miss the oppurtunity to make this exceptional Windridge home yours.
NEW HOME NOW UNDER CONSTRUCTION!! MOVE- IN ... 90 DAYS!! Newly Designed Ranch Home by Cambridge Homes, Inc.. Must see this modern prairie home at Terra, the award winning gated ranch home community in Novi all in the styles inspired by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. This ranch home has a wide open floor plan with raised ceilings in multiple areas with upgrades all included in price such as 3+ car garage covered Lanai and many other designer features. Landscaping which includes sprinklers, sod, trees and shrubs, landscape lighting and lighted address are included in all homes at Terra. The Lower Level has 9' poured concrete walls, 2 egress windows for future bedrooms, transom windows for additional light, prep for future full bathroom and plumbing for future bar. Terra is surrounded by 300 hundred acres of protect woodlands which offers the feeling of living up north but with all the conveniences of nearby entertainment, shopping, dining, walking, bicycling and jogging trails. Terra is walking distance to Maybury State Park.
Western lake view on this updated Island lake lakefront condo with 4 bed 3.5 bath, 2,500 sq. ft. plus a 1,250 sq ft finished walkout basement. Recents updates include carpet and paint t/o and light fixtures. Maple cabinets with granite countertops, SS appliances, slate backsplash and hardwood flooring in foyer, kitchen and adjoining nook. Cozy living room with recessed lighting, gas fireplace w stone surround and mantle. All with great views of the lake. Deck overlooking dock, island lake walking trails and common areas. Large 2 story great room w decorative molding. Master suite overlooking lake w recessed lighting, large wic and master bath with soaking tub, double sink, stall shower and tiled flooring. Walkout basement with oversized family room, workout or 5th bedroom, full bath and plenty of storage space. 3 rd floor library or 4 th bedroom. Enjoy the pool. sand volleyball and tennis courts. Lake living at its finest. 4.5 + miles of walk trails. **Current tenants lease must stay in place @ $5,000 per month, expiration 10/2026. Showing upon an acceptable offer.
Novi is located in Michigan. Novi, Michigan 48374has a population of 65,369. Novi 48374 is more family-centric than the surrounding county with 44.97% of the households containing married families with children. The county average for households married with children is 32.55%.
The median household income in Novi, Michigan 48374 is $100,311. The median household income for the surrounding county is $86,275 compared to the national median of $69,021. The median age of people living in Novi 48374 is 39.8 years.
The average high temperature in July is 82.3 degrees, with an average low temperature in January of 15.6 degrees. The average rainfall is approximately 32.5 inches per year, with 41.9 inches of snow per year.
